摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Women's increasing participation in the labor force has resulted from availability of fertility control, changed attitudes toward family size, a strong demand for occupations traditionally filled by women, and other factors. Despite many social changes, employed women continue to be concentrated in lower-income pursuits and frequently have major responsibility for,the household. This paper is drawn from a study that explored the association of occupation and home responsibilities with the health of employed women and men and compared them with female homemakers. It also examined variations in the use of physician and hospital services. The principal data source was the National Health Interview Survey .tapes for 1975-77. Nurturant role responsibilities were derived from records of members of the index adult's household. This paper reports on comparisons of employed women with homemakers using multiple regression analysis, and also on direct comparisons of the three work-sex groups. Study findings suggest that better health is associated with desired, positive roles such as marriage and married parenthood. Worse health is associated with unwelcome role expansions such as single parenthood, child disability, having a sick spouse and marital dissolution. Effects vary by both sex and work status. It is suggested that it is not the number of activities that may be burdensome to women's health but inability to choose one's roles and organize one's resources to meet their demands.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reports on a study of health and health care of employed women and men that used the National Health Interview Survey of 1975-1977 as the data source. Materials from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and other government sources were used to develop scales for psychosocial and physical health features of individual occupations. Multiple regressions were then used to study the relation of occupational factors and gender along with family factors, to health status, chronic limitations, and use of physician and hospital services. The study shows a correlation of the jobs that are more complex and challenging and offer more autonomy with better health status. The current job structure shows more variation in psychological level of occupations than in physical healthiness; women are concentrated in the less desirable occupations. The study also examines gender differences in illnessday measures and health care utilization in 36 occupations with substantial employment of both sexes, and finds considerable variability among occupations in the extent of gender differences.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article looks at role burdens experienced by women and men, asking if heavy burdens are linked with poor physical health status and frequent health care. The role burden variables refer to job schedule, feelings about roles and life, time constraints and pressures, family dependency, and levels of role involvement and responsibility, The data source is the Health In Detroit Study, which has health items from a retrospective interview and prospective health diaries. Results show that dissatisfaction with roles/life and feelings of very great or very little time pressure are associated with poor health. To a lesser extent, very low or very high objective time constraints, irregular and short job schedules, no or high family dependency, and very low or very high income responsibility are linked with poor health. By contrast, having numerous roles is associated with good health. Some of these results point toward social causation (how the quantity and quality of roles influence health) and others to social selection (how health influences role involvements). The relationships are similar for women and men. But women are more at risk of poor health because, more often than men, they tend to have few roles (especially nonemployment), more dissatisfaction with their main role and life, low time constraints, low income responsibility, and irregular job schedules. In conclusion, role burdens may lie more in subjective feelings about one's activities than in their objective characteristics. Having low quality roles may jeopardize health, whereas having numerous ones can help maintain or enhance it.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationships between self-reported general health, employment, and attitudes toward the employment of married women have been analyzed for a representative sample of married, middle-aged women in the United States. The cross-sectional data indicate that women who were in the labor force had better health than women who were out of the labor force. In addition, women whose labor force status was compatible with their attitudes toward employment tended to have better health than women for whom there was a discrepancy between labor force status and attitudes. Analysis of the longitudinal data indicate that several causal mechanisms contributed tothe relationships observed in the crosssectional data. For the women with favorable attitudes toward employment, it appears that being a housewife had more detrimental effects on health than being employed. In contrast, for the women with unfavorable or neutral attitudes toward employment, it appears that employment status did not affect health. For healthy women, being employed may have contributed to more favorable attitudes toward employment. Healthy women were more likely than unhealthy women to stay in the labor force. Thus, it appears that there are multiple causal relationships linking employment status, attitudes toward employment and women's health.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Standard explanatory models of addiction are reviewed, including personality theory, locus of control, behaviorist theory, social learning, biochemical and socioeconomic theories, in the context of understanding the female preponderance in prescription drug addiction. Alexander and Hadaway's "adaptive" model of addiction is presented as a more comprehensive model of female prescription drug addiction, encompassing relevant and therapeutically useful aspects of earlier models. It also permits both the individualization of the model to each woman's particular situation, and also the incorporation of common themes stemming from sex-role stereotyping, low status in the society, and the power dynamic of the male physician-female patient interaction.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Medical practice is based upon a combination of knowledge, skill, and belief. This paper traces the development of the belief system or ideology in obstetrics and gynecology from 1920 to the present. Using Presidential addresses aid other important articles from the two most prestigious obstetrics and gynecology journals, we look at what these doctors say about themselves and about women. The first period, from 1920-1944, marks the formal alliance of obstetrics and gynecology in the United States and the formation of its ideology. Part II of this article, to be published in the next issue, will begin with the expansive War and post-War years and extend to 1980 when obstetrics and gynecology finds itself under attack from all sides.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v11n01_10

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor