摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

According to the "healthy worker" hypothesis, good health selects women into the employment role; conversely, the social causation hypothesis argues that important social roles such as employment can contribute to health. The relationship between these two variables may be of special concern to women at midlife, as both issues become increasingly salient. In this paper a model hypothesizing a nonrecursive (reciprocal) causal relationship between employment (hours employed) and health was presented. Because of the importance of both employment and health for women at midlife, the model was tested in a sample of 463 women ages 40- 64 from a national cross-sectional dataset. Two-stage least squares regression supported the hypothesis that employment and health have a positive reciprocal relationship for women at midlife. In addition, married women and those with a child had better health but were likely to work fewer hours for pay. The same model tested in 21 to 39-year-old women was not significant. The results serve to emphasize the importance of examining assumptions about direction of causality in research on work and well-being at midlife.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hospital workers completed a questionnaire on domestic and professional working conditions and health symptoms. Workers were asked to estimate the number of domestic work hours, and the degree of sharing of laundry, cleaning, meal preparation and childcare. Responses from the 532 women workers showed an average professional work week of 31.2 hours and an average domestic work week of 19.2 hours. The length of the domestic work week increased with the number of children, and the degree of sharing diminished. Among couples with children, the reported length of the domestic work week correlated highly with an index calculated from the degree of sharing of domestic tasks, and the number and ages of children. Exhaustion and insomnia were associated with work speed and shift work, respectively, at the hospital job, but also with the number of hours of domestic work. Backache, which was related to lifting weights in the workplace, was not associated with the number of reported hours of domestic work. Due to errors in formulating some questions, the study underestimates total hours of domestic work, and, probably, effects of domestic work on health. However, it is the first North American study to show the combined effects of domestic work and paid work on physical health symptoms among women.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

While inadequate nutrition has been identified as a factor affecting the health of the homeless, there has been little research to identify the extent to which inadequate nutrition is a problem. The goal of this paper is to document the eating patterns and problems of single homeless women and to locate the determinants of nutritional adequacy in their diets. Our findings are based on a random sample of 84 single homeless women using hostels and drop-in centers. For 85.5% of the women food was provided primarily by hostels and supplemented by the drop-ins. When their daily food intake was compared to the Canada's Food Guide recommendations, the average number of servings in each of the four food groups was below the recommended. The women in our sample indicated that their problems with food consumption were rooted in their poverty and further analysis indicated that the provision of food by social agencies was an important factor in the nutritional adequacy of their diets. Hostels and drop-in centers not only provide shelter, they have also assumed most of the responsibility for feeding the homeless. It is their poverty which burdens these women and structures their eating patterns.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Menstrual attitudes and symptoms of 18 Orthodox Jewish Mikvah attenders, 23 Orthodox Jewish Mikvah non-attenders, 35 Protestant women, and 45 Catholic women were compared. When age, education, number of pregnancies, and religiosity were controlled, Mikvah non-attenders and Protestants most strongly endorsed a view of menstruation as a bothersome event. No significant differences were found, however, in expected or retrospectively reported menstrual symptoms. Correlational analyses indicated that attitudes, expectancies, and symptoms were significantly correlated only for the Catholic women. Differences between groups in religiosity and socialization were found. The Jewish women endorsed doctrines such as "menstruation makes women unclean" more than Catholic or Protestant women. Results support the hypothesized differential religious training regarding menstruation, but only offer weak support for the effects of this training on menstrual attitudes, expectancies, and symptoms.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Agent Orange, a phenoxyherbicide consisting of 50% 2,4-D and 50% 2,4,5-T, the latter contaminated in the parts per million range with the highly toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, was sprayed in the south of Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. The chemicals are of concern because of their potential to be causally involved in cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes, immune deficiency and other illness. Because exposed women would be especially involved in the adverse reproductive outcomes, specifically spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations, as well as developmental deficiencies in children, we elected to conduct a pilot study in Vietnam to determine whether elevated 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin- (TCDD), the dioxin characteristic of Agent Orange could still be found in some women between one and two decades after exposure, and whether the types of illness characteristic of dioxins was present in women with elevated dioxin levels. We were easily able to find some women with increased TCDD from Agent Orange. A surprisingly high level of dioxins from industrial sources was also found in these women in the south. Much lower levels of all dioxins were found in patients in the north of Vietnam. No obvious relation between elevated dioxins and disease was noted in this pilot study, which is meant to precede epidemiology studies which will test the hypotheses that elevated dioxins in humans may lead to an increase in adverse reproductive outcomes and in rates of certain cancers.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The establishment of "fake abortion clinics" poses a great threat to women's ability to make free and informed procreative decisions. Such clinics intentionally deceive pregnant women into believing that they provide a full range of women's health services when, in reality, they provide only a pregnancy test, accompanied by intense anti-abortion propaganda. Because fake abortion clinics threaten women's interests in "privacy" and decisional autonomy, state attorneys general should challenge them under deceptive business practice statutes. Successful challenges can be brought without violating anti-abortion groups' First Amendment rights.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v16n01_10

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor