摘要:

This study examines the way female and male models are portrayed in magazine advertisements. Specifically. we focus on differences in sex role stereotyping, sexual display of the body, and violent imagery. Data were collected from a stratitied random sample of magazines displaying fashion and fitness advertisements (N = 254). Findings from he analysis show that females are more likely than males to be placed in submissive positions, sexually displayed, and subjects of violent imagery. Sexual display and violent imagery measures are the strongest predictors of subjective level of exploitation.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This research describes major stressors in the lives of women who have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thirty-one HIV antibody positive (HIV+) women infected primarily through heterosexual contact participated in a two hour semi-structured interview detailing the circumstances, context. and consequences of all stressful life events and dificulties experienced within the preceding six months. Qualitative methods of data analyses were utilized (Miles&Huberman, 1984). HIV-related life events and difficulties were classified into primary and secondary stressors based on the stress process model (Pearlin et al., 1981). Problems arising directly from one's seropositivity were defined as primary stressors. Stressful life events and difficulties occuring in other role areas were defined as secondary stressors. Six categories of HIV-related stressors were identified and quantified primary stressors were health-related, and included both gyecological probiems (e.g., amenorrhea) and general symptoms of HIV infection (e.g.. fatigue). Secondary stressors related to child and family (e.g., future guardianship of children), marital/partner relations (e.g., disclosure of HIV+ status), occupation (e.g., arranging time off- for medical appointments), economic problems (e.g., insurance "hassles"), and social network events (e.g., death of friends from AIDS). This research indicates that HIV-positive women are exposed to multiple stressors; some may be viewed as unique to women, whereas others may be considered common to both sexes. Identification of stressors has implications for the design of medical and psychiatric interventions for women.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the risk perceptions of women who undergo two prenatal diagnostic procedures, amniocentesis and CVS (chorionic villus sampling). Data were collected from a survey d clinic patients in suburban Washington. D.C. and in San Diego (N = 120). The survey was supplemented by indepth interviews with prenatal diagnosis users and genetic counselors. Women with more education, as well as those who had CVS rather than amniocentesis, were more likely to view their risk as low. This contradicts the accepted view that users are aware of the higher risks of CVS. Rather, it seems that risk perceptions are socially constructed to achieve cognitive consislency with the action undertaken. Qualitative data suggest that perceptions of risk appear to be influenced not only by the users' demographic characteristics but by the salience and severity of the event in question and by the user's perceived control over it.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The influence of perceived social support on glycemic control was studied in 76 newly diagnosed NIDDM patients. As a group perceived social support was high overall and no difference was seen between men and women. Males tended to have better fasting blood glucose values (fB-values) than females at the end of the first year of duration @<0.07). When dichotomized into high and low supported groups by gender, males with high social satisfaction reguarding social support had better fB-values than highly supported females 6<0.01). 6 l e s with high satisfaction regarding soc~al support had better fB-values than the female group and the low supported male group (p<0.05). Males reporting high emotional, informative or practical support had better fB-values than highly supported females @<0.05). The effect of gender and social support is discussed.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There is evidence to suggest that women's smoking and maintenance of smoking is related to the stress associated with women's roles. The purpose of this longitudinal study is to assess social role factors predictive of cessation among a cohort of women - smokers over a 15-year period. The cohort of women examined in this study were interviewed as part of a household interview swey conducted in 1970-71 by the Center for Health Research, of the Northwest Region of Kaiser Permanente, and resurveyed via a mail out questionnaire in 1985-86. This study focusses on the 168 women smokers in the cohort. Of these 168 smokers, 55 (or 33%) had quit smoking by the follow-up 15 years later. The outcome variable is smoking status at follow-up. Predictor variables include both role occupancy and characteristics of social roles. The findings show that role occupancy is unrelated to smoking cessation. Selected characteristics of the work role, however, were found to predict smoking cessation; occupational status and conlrol over work. Public health and research implications are discussed.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This essay explores how breast cancer and mastectomy are Wayed in twentieth-century North American literature. The purpose in doing so is to examine our understandings of how women In contemporary North American culture may experience this potentially fatal disease and disfigurement-understandings that often are narrowly prescribed by the abstract, universalizing language of medicine. The essay is divided into four sections based on the readings of the selected literature: denial and fear; sadness and pain; shame through others' eyes; and transcendence.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v20n04_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor