摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This review summarizes the descriptive epidemiology of injuries among women in the United States, highlighting major problems as well as needs and opportunities for intervention and research. Injury mortality rates for 1984-88 were calculated from the National Center for Health Statistics mortality data taws. Additional injury mortality and all injury morbidity information were derived from existing literature. Studies providing gender-specific U.S. injury information durring the last ten years were reviewed. Injuries as the leading causes of dealh for females to age 34 and are responcible for more years of potential life lost than any other cause o death. The lifetime cost of injuries to females is approximately 50 billion dollars annually. Motor vehicle related injuries, falls, and violence are the most sigmficant injury problems for women. Although morbidity is far greater than mortality, access to information about nonfatal injuries s extremely limited. What evidence does exist points to Ihe importance of domestic assault as a major, underrecognized source of preventable injury. Though the greater magnitude of injury among men frequently eclipses the sigruficance of injury as a problem for women, this paper presents evidence that injury is a problem which should feature prominently in the women's health agenda for the nation. There are pressing research needs to understand the changing trends in injuries to females and to identify appropriate intervention strategies. In addition, the study points to the needs for improvement in data systems to document injury morbidity.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Objective: This study asked how women's narratives of social and emotional problems are dealt with in primary care encounters. Our conceptual work extended perspectives from narrative analysis to focus on elements of ideology, social control, underlying structure, and features of discourse that appear marginal to medicine's technical tasks. Method: Based on a critical review of both quantitative and qualitative techniques in research on patientdoctor communication, we developed an interpretive method with criteria to guide sampling, transcription, interpretation, and presentation of findings. We applied the method to encounters which were selected randomly from a data base derived from a stratified random sample of 336 audiotaped encounters involving patients and primary care internists. Findinns: As shown by illustrative encounters, women's narratives in primary care often express emotional troubles related to gender roles. Medical discourse in these encounters tends to marginalize contextual issues that contribute to women's distress. Such discourse conveys acceptance of reproductive commitments, medical management of psychic distress, and a lack of criticism regarding social problems that affect women. Conclusions: Narrative analysis clarifies the medical processing of women's emotional problems that derive in large part from the social context of medicine. Women patients and medical practitioners often deal with these issues in primary care encounters rather than in psychiatric settings. These findings suggest directions for improving the discourse of primary care encounters.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fatigue is the subjective report of a sustained sense of exhaustion with reduced motivation and capacity for physical andlor mental activity. Although factors associated with fatigue have been explored in specific patient populations, minimal study has been devoted to exploring both the magnitude of fatigue and associated variables among women generally thought to be well. This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined the relationship of behavioral, sociodemographic, and emotional factors to subjective ratings of fatigue among women in the community who perceived themselves as being fatigued but otherwise healthy. A convenience sample of 155 adult women completed the Piper Fatigue Self-Report Scale (PFS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and an investigatordesigned questionnaire that collected behavioral and sociodemographic data. Correlation and regression analyses were used with fatigue as measured by the PFS as the outcome variable. Statistically significant relationships were noted between PFS and BDI scores as well as PFS and sleep pattern, rest quality, and perceived stress. Construction of a multiple regression model revealed an adjusted R2 of .43 with the BDI score serving as the major predictor variable for fatigue. Persistent fatigue is a consistent element in the lives of many women. As such it can sipiicantly undermine women's quality of life.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Low-income African-American women (N = 178) entering health clinics completed surveys assessing perceived barriers to condom use for themselves personally and for African- American women generally. Following the survey, each woman received a demonstration of five barrier contraceptive methods and then rated her preference among those methods. The women perceived relatively few personal barriers to use of the male condom but perceived significantly greater barriers for other African-American women (all p<.0001). The male condom was first choice of the largest percentage of women (45%) and last choice of the smallest percentage of women (11%). The male condom was preferred for its convenience, availability, and safety, although the necessity for active cooperation by the male partner was considered a hindrance to using the method. Only 23% of women ranked the female condom as first choice and 35% ranked the female condom as last choice. Reasons for selecting the female condom included preference for a female-controlled method, safety, and protection. However, the female condom was perceived to be uncomfortable, to require the partner's acquiescence, and to interfere with sexual experience. Differences in the women's perceptions of barriers to condom use for themselves and for other African-American women are consistent with Weinstein's theory of optimistic bias. Preferences among barrier methods indicate that further research and product development are needed to develop barrier methods that are female-controlled, do not require the awareness of the male partner, and are safe, comfortable, and convenient.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Assessed condom use, barriers to condom use, oral contraceptive use, partnership status and STD history in 457 15-30 year-old women attending four family planning clinics. Subjects were classified into three condom use groups: Non Users (37%); Current Users (33%); and Past Users (30%). Factor analysis revealed five barriers to condom use: Partner's Perception, Peer's Perception, PleasureAntimacy, Communication, and Low Perceived Need Multivariate analyses revealed significant group diferences on only two barrier factors: Pleasureflntimacy and Low Perceived Need. Low Perceived Need accounted for 13.5% of the variance in condom use. Women with low perceived need to use condoms were more likely to use oral contraceptives.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v23n01_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor