摘要:

This paper presents a brief review of historical developments in women's health care. It describes the current campaign against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and assesses the camaign's success in light of its history and the reality of women's lives. The authors suggest that women are forced into a double-bind in which they are expected to take responsibility for the prevention of STDs although they may not have the ability to do so. Modifications are suggested which take into account gender-role socialization and social group norms.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study analyzes the role of the midwife in prenatal care by exploring the history of the midwifery profession in Finland and by interviewing midwives. Midwifery education started in Finland in the beginning of the 19th century due to the utilitarian population policy aiming to reduce the high infant mortality rate. Because of a shortage of physicians professional midwives attained an important status in the care of births. With industrialization a state-directed welfare policy with state-subsidized health care developed. After World War II, the midwifery were legally defined as care during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. In the 1950s, the scope of work of midwifery was further altered because hospital deliveries had become routine. Some midwives provided prenatal care in ambulatory maternity health centers while others worked in hospitals managing normal childbirths. Separate midwifery education ended in 1968 and resumed 1986. Since 1972, public health nurses have increasingly provided prenatal and postnatal care in maternity centers, and specialized nurses have managed normal childbirths. In the future, public health nurses may totally replace midwives in prenatal care, and the role of midwives may return to care of normal deliveries. Midwife interviews revealed the "medicalization" of pregnancy caused both by physicians and midwives' own medical concept of pregnancy and by clients' demands for good care.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Correlates of abstention and heavier drinking were examined among 654 African-American and 474 white women, aged 19-70+, from a representative sample of households in Erie County, New York. Discriminant function analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and race, age, church attendance, family history of alcohol problems, household density, marriage, socioeconomic status (SES), employment and parity. Abstention was compared with drinking, and light/moderate drinking was compared with heavier drinking in the total sample and within each race. Compared to drinkers, abstainers were older, more religious, more likely to be African-American, or to be of lower SES. Racial differences in the correlates of abstention were found with respect to church attendance (positive association in African- Americans only), SES (negative association in African-Americans only), and household density (positive association in whites only). Compared to light/moderate drinkers, heavier drinking women were younger, less religious, more likely to be white, to have a positive family history, or to live in less crowded households. Racial differences in the correlates of heavier drinking were found with respect to church attendance (negative association in African-Americans only), parity (positive association in African-Americans only), and marital status (more heavier drinking among unmarried white women). Racial differences in the correlates of alcohol consumption document the need for further examination of the culture-specific determinants of women's drinking patterns.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examines the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder; missed work; and mental health services use among secretaries and other women employed full-time. In a random sample of 3,484 women employed full-time, women employed as secretaries were significantly more likely to be depressed than other women even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 2.73). Secretaries were significantly more likely to report missing work in the last three months (odds ratio = 1.77, confidence interval = 1.01, 3.11); a finding not attributable to depression. Secretaries were also more likely to seek mental health services, but this finding was not significant (odds ratio = 1.78, confidence interval = 0.55, 5.78). It is possible that these findings are attributable to a selection effect whereby depressed women, and women who are likely to miss work, become secretaries. A second possibility is that women employed as secretaries have more "nonwork role stress" than other employed women. Alternatively, job conditions which result in dissatisfaction and stress may lead to depression and absenteeism. We believe our findings warrant further investigation into the work environment of secretaries.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the way women are portrayed by the media in photographs advertising health and wellness products. Data were collected from five different health and fitness magazines. For purposes of his study, only advertisements in which women appeared were used in the analysis (N = 191). Findings suggest that a high percent of advertisements: (1) place women in submissive positions to men; (2) place women in unnatural poses; (3) emphasize dismemberment of body parts; (4) focus on sexuality rather than wellness.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

African-American women of child-bearing age residing in three high-risk communities in Chicago were surveyed regarding their primary care arrangements and access to care (n = 552). This study examined factors which differentiated women who used office-based practices from those who used institutional settings (community clinics, health department clinics, hospital-based clinics) for primary care. Results of multivariate analysis indicate that women who used office-based practices were more likely than those who used institutional settings to see the same provider, to walk to their provider, to have less travel time and to walk in without an appointment. They were less likely to be hospitalized in the past year and less likely to report the availability of family planning at their usual source of care. Satisfaction with care, insurance status and sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with use of a particular facility type. Implications for organizing comprehensive health services for this population are discussed.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v18n04_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor