ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In heat‐resistance studies with spores ofClostridium sporogenesBC‐2, an improved recovery medium was needed for severely heat‐damaged spores as that used previously—Wynne medium in Miller‐Prickett tubes—did not allow accurate counts of spores because of gas formation and disruption of agar. Initial tests with pour plates of Viande‐Levure medium containing egg‐yolk gave much increased counts for spores previously heated for 50 min at 112°C; this increase was attributed to the presence of egg‐yolk. Addition of egg‐yolk to Reinforced Clostridial Agar, All‐Culture Medium and Trypticase Soy Agar showed that Trypticase Soy Agar with egg‐yolk was the best recovery medium. For the final formulation, the value of supplementation with cysteine‐HCl and methylene blue was also shown. The resultant Egg‐yolk Trypticase Soy Agar is conveniently prepared from BBL Trypticase Soy Agar (40 g) with the addition of 0.4 g/l cysteine‐HCl, 4 mg/1 of methylene blue and 2% Oxoid egg‐yolk emulsion aseptically to the melted basal medium. For optimal spore counts, pour plates are incubated

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ABAC system for antibiotic susceptibility testing was compared with an agar diffusion method in 14960 tests, including 23 antibacterial agents. Identical breakpoints were used. Only 3% major discrepancies (M.d.; sensitive vs resistant) and 19% minor discrepancies (m.d.; intermediate vs sensitive or resistant) were noted. Major discrepancies were mainly found for methicillin (Staphylococcus aureus), netilmicin (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole and tri‐methoprim (Proteussp.) and were checked by quantitative susceptibility tests. These showed ABAC to be at fault in 41–47% of discrepancies, the diffusion test in 21–32% and 21–37% were intermediate. Half of the m.d. involved beta‐lactams, which is explained by too low breakpoints. Except for methicillin and netilmicin the overall results showed ABAC to be equal to the agar diffusion method. Technical faults, like leakage and incorrect filling of cups in the plastic rotors of ABAC, occurred in 14% of t

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The bacterial flora in the intestines of farmed Dover sole (Solea soleaL.) was investigated at different stages of fish development in relation to different diets fed under farming conditions. The flora of water and diets were also analyzed. The dominant generic group isolated from all water samples examined wasPseudomonasGp IV/Alcaligenes.The same generic group was dominant in homogenized pelagic larvae indicating a relationship between the microflora of those young fish and that of tank water. In older fish a steady increase in the percentage incidence ofVibrio/ anaerogenicAeromonaswas observed in the intestines as fish grew and diets changed. TheVibrio/anaerogenicAeromonasgroup was dominant inLumbricillus rivalisused as an intermediate diet and the increased incidence of this group in fish intestines occurred after fish were fed this diet. The composite pellet used for ongrowing carried a high percentage of Gram positive micro‐organisms and there was no relationship between the pellet microflora and that found in the fish intestine

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was performed to prove that intestinal colonization in chickens by resistantEscherichia colistrains present in the environment might be prevented when faeces in which sensitiveE. colistrains were dominant was administered to newly hatched chicks. The appearance of resistantE. colistrains was markedly reduced.Escherichia coliO49:H12 was the sensitiveE. colistrain which formed the major colonizer in the intestinal tract. In young chickens, this strain persisted as a major component, and even when it was a minor colonizer in the faecal fluid administered, it appeared as a major component soon afterwards. This strain is considered to be a good colonizer in the gut of young chickens.

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifteen strains ofBrochothrix thermosphacta, isolated from various meat sources, produced the same end‐products during aerobic growth in a tryptone‐based medium containing 0.2% (w/v) glucose. Growth of one strain at different glucose concentrations showed that 2‐methylpropanol and 2,3‐butanediol were also produced. Formation of the branched chain acids was favoured by low glucose concentrations, that of the alcohols and the diol by higher concentrations. The traces of the diol, but not those of the alcohols, produced during the early stages of growth at low, limiting concentrations of glucose, gradually disappeared following glucose depletion. These findings provide adequate explanations for the observed differences in end‐product formation during growth ofBroc. thermosphactaon non‐processed and

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The adhesion of various lactobacilli and streptococci to columnar epithelial cells of pigs and calves were studied, byin vitromethods. The porcine strains isolated most frequently wereLactobacillus delbrueckii, Lact. acidophilusandLact. fermentum.Thirteen of the 22 lactobacilli were adhesive. All the streptococci isolated belonged to Lancefield's D‐group; none of them adhered to pig epithelial cells. The adhesive strains (9 of 22) of calves were identified asLact. fermentum.Adherence was variable even between strains of the same species. Isolates from plant material, cultured milk and cheese did not adhere to the columnar epithelial cellsin vitro.The adhesive porcine strains tolerated low pH and bile acids, which is important for their survival under conditions in the stomach and intestin

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aims of the study were: the isolation of strains of black‐pigmentedBacteroidesfrom the gingival sulcus of different animals, their biochemical and immunological characterization and comparison of their properties for classification within the genus. A total of 104 strains, isolated from cats, dogs, racoons and a jaguar, were characterized on the basis of fermentation of carbohydrates, metabolic end products, haemagglutination studies, enzymatic activities, catalase production and indirect immunofluorescence. No differences were observed between the strains regardless of their animal origin. The strains did not ferment carbohydrates, produce phenylacetic acid, show an array of enzyme activities or agglutinate sheep red blood cells. They were catalase‐positive and so differed from the human oral strains ofBact. gingivalis.Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the animal strains shared at least one major antigen withBact. gingivalisbut none withBact. asaccharolyticus.Apart from their catalase activity, the animal strains isolated were similar to those of humanBact. gingivalisstra

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Legume root‐nodules, dried at oven temperature (70°C for 48 h) were suitable forRhizobiumstrain identification by immunofluorescence and agglutination. The fluorescence of bacteroids ofR. japonicum, R. leguminosarum, R. meliloti, R. phaseoli, andRhizobiumspp. from oven‐dried nodules was the same as those from frozen, desiccated, or nodules dried at room temperature (28°C). Oven‐dried nodules did not require further steaming for agglutination. Bacteroid agglutinations gave 2–16 fold lower titres than those of the cultured cells. Fresh and oven‐dried soybean rhizobia from a mixed inoculation gave exactly the same results when identified by immunofluorescence or ag

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A numerical taxonomic study has been carried out to confirm the identity of strains of the family Vibrionaceae isolated during an ecological study. A total of 237 strains were studied including 148 from the aquatic environment, 6 from estuarine birds, 1 from sheep faeces, and 61 control cultures. Duplicates of 21 of the strains were randomly selected and included to estimate test and operator error. Taxonomic resemblance was estimated on the basis of 148 characters using Euclidean distance. The taxonomic position of some strains was reevaluated using the pattern difference coefficient. Strains were clustered by three methods, all of which gave similar results. The estimated average probability of test error was 1.5%. Strains previously identified asVibrio anguillarumfell into four distinct phenons corresponding toV. anguillarumbiovar I, ‘V. anguillarumbiovar II’,V. diazotrophicus, and strains pathogenic to oyster larvae. The latter group characteristically degraded xanthine and probably represents a new species. The phenon corresponding toV. choleraeincluded the type strain, strains of human origin, and strains isolated in the United Kingdom from birds and the aquatic environment. Some strains ofV. choleraewere luminous. Other phenons were identified asV. metschnikovii, V. fluvialis, andAeromonas

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY