摘要:

These quarterly literature reviews are a listing of selected references from various sources. The selection has been made by a panel of ‘reviewers’ and is compiled by S.P. Denyer, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nottingham University. This current selection includes some references published prior to this quarter which have only recently come to the attention of the ‘reviewers’. The listing is not intended to be exhaustive. We regret that reprints and photocopies arenotavailable from the Journal or from the ‘revi

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve of 79 strains of the genusLactobacillus, mainly isolated from plants or fermenting material, were found to inhibit at least one of the nine indicator strains of the speciesLact. brevis, Pediococcus damnosusandLeucanostoc oenos. The antimicrobial activities fromLact. brevisB 37 andLact. caseiB 80 were caused by polypeptides detectable in the culture liquids. They are bacteriocins with a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. Brevicin 37 fromLact. brevisB 37 was active against many lactic acid bacteria andNocardia corallina, whereas caseicin 80 fromLact. caseiB 80 inhibits only one other strain ofLact. casei. Brevicin 37 is stable at 121d̀C, caseicin 80 is inactivated above 60d̀C, and both are inactivated under alkaline condition

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The seasonal variation of thermophilic campylobacters in Lancaster's sewage sludge was studied over a 21 month period. The numbers in fresh sludge (from primary sedimentation) vary between approximately 200 and 5000/100 ml for most of the year but there was a large increase in May and June (in May 1988 there were 42100 campylobacters/100 ml which is 17 times more than in the preceding April). In 1989 there was a similar May/June peak but with lower numbers. This seasonal variation, measured by environmental monitoring, reflects the incidence of infections in the community. The same pattern was found in 2‐d old sludge but the numbers were substantially lower (40% lower over the experimental period).Thermophilic campylobacters were virtually absent from digested sludge and sludge prior to land distribution. Survival experiments confirm that campylobacters survive for only a few hours in both sterile and unsterile digested and undigested sludge. These results suggest that it is safe to dispose of Lancaster's digested sludge on land but there is still uncertainty about the ability of campylobacters to survive in sludge in the viable but non‐culturable f

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of physical and microbiological factors on food container leakage was investigated in a container leakage model system (CLMS). The leakage ofAcineto‐bacter calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonassp.,Bacillussp., a coryneform,Staph. aureus, and two biotest organisms (Enterobacter cloacaeNC1B 8151 andEnt. aerogenesMB31) was studied. The rate of bacterial leakage (log10cells/channel/s) was greater in the presence of a partial vacuum of 51–305 mm Hg than at atmospheric pressure. Fluid flow (ml) through leakage channels was increased by the application of vacuum. Leakage varied with vacuum, bacterial morphology, cell concentration, leakage channel size (0.78–120 μm2) and channel shape (straight or convoluted). The number of leaked cells was not proportional to vacuum or channel size. The effect of channel shape varied with bacterial species. Increased container medium viscosity decreased bacterial leakage. Fluid flow through leakage channels was generally reduced by the most viscous solution. Cells from biofilms and mono‐layers ofAc. calcoaceticusorStaph. aureusattached to nylon (Hyfax) or stainless steel surfaces underwent leakage. Mixed bacterial populations had characteristic leakage rates against vacuum different from the leakage pattern of individual species in the population. The composition of the leaked population was different from the original inoculum. The results indicated that container leakage is a complex process involving a range of interdependent

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model system to study food container leakage was developed. The model system allows the independent investigation of the effect of physical factors such as vacuum and contents viscosity, and microbial factors on the leakage process. The design, construction and operation of the container leakage model system is described.

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pediocin AcH, a bacteriocin ofPediococcus acidilacticiH, inhibits the growth of several food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The antigenic property of partially purified pediocin AcH was tested by immunizing mice and a rabbit. Pediocin AcH was not immunogenic in these animals as determined by immunoblotting even after conjugation to bovine serum albumin. The non‐immunogenic nature of pediocin AcH, its non‐toxicity to laboratory animals and its hydrolysis by gastric proteolytic enzymes may be considered favourably in its possible use as a food preservat

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test forBrucellabased on polymerase chain reaction is under development in our laboratory. A commercially available PCR kit was used to create primers that allowed the amplification of a 635 bp fragment of a 43 kDa outer membrane protein gene fromBrucella abortusstrain 19. We successfully amplified the cloned gene present in the pMS64 plasmid and genomicBrucellaS19 DNA. The amplified DNA was easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Using both the pMS64 plasmid andBr. abortusS19 purified DNA as template each component of the PCR reaction was adjusted for the optimum amplification of the DNA sequence. Optimum specific amplification resulted when the primer annealing temperature was 60d̀C. The gene fragment was amplifiable in 25 differentBrucellaspecies and strains. To test the specificity of the reaction, DNA extracted from 17 micro‐organisms possibly associated with cattle were tested. No amplification was observed. The sensitivity of the reaction was determined with different concentrations of genomicBrucellastrain 19 DNA. As little as 0.1 pg DNA (less than 100 brucella cells) could be detected. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR combined with its simplicity and speed suggests the potential of this technique for routine diagnosis of brucellos

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of minocycline on subgingival plaque samples from patients with chronic periodontitis were investigated in vitro. Minocycline concentrations as low as 1.0 μg/ml inhibited 95.7% of the cultivable bacteria in the samples but 256 μg/ml was necessary to inhibit all of the cultivable bacteria in the samples. Although up to 99.9% of bacteria in the plaque samples were killed by a 6 h exposure to 8.0 μg/ml of minocycline, large numbers of viable bacteria remained. These results imply that adequate reductions in the numbers of viable subgingival plaque bacteria are unlikely to occur after exposure to minocycline at concentrations attainable in gin‐gival crevicular fluid after systemic administra

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in liquid sewage effluent (primary settlement only) during 1988 and 1989 showed a prominent seasonablity with distinct peaks in May and June (the average number of bacteria per 100 ml of effluent in months other than May and June was 2244 and the average for the peak months was 50 778). Apart from September 1989, this seasonality coincided precisely with the seasonal variation of Campylobacter enteritis in the community with similar distinct peaks in May and June (the incidence of infection in May and June was twice or three times that in the other months).Sampling of sewers showed that the campylobacters in the sewage effluent came mainly from abbatoir and animal processing plants with only a minor input from the community. Therefore, the seasonal peaks in the sewage effluent and in the community may not be dependent on human infections but on zoonotic infections which may also peak in May and June.

ISSN:0021-8847    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY