ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAstudyof the OMEGA navigation system and its application to civil maritime use is summarized. Included are evaluations of various OMEGA configurations and techniques for implementing Skywave Corrections (SWC). The material presented is derived from analysis of extensive quantities of actual OMEGA phase data and from contacts within the U.S. maritime community.Four OMEGA configurations—Single Frequency, Composite, Difference Frequency and Differential—are considered in this study. Three conventional SWC implementation schemes are examined. These are the so‐called Swanson, Pierce and Trapezoidal models. A simplified SWC technique based on the Swanson model is also evaluated. The above studies and maritime user contacts provide a means to suggest reasonable OMEGA configuration utilization for various environments. These include the high‐seas and the coastal/confluence region. Suggestions for future studies based on these findings are pr

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom a briefbackground of Air Navigation Training in the Canadian Armed Forces the paper presents the current variety of students and the specific training program designed for them. The primary technique employed in conducting academic, synthetic and air training isPerformance Oriented. Using lecture‐response and programmed learning methods the students are prepared to solve problems. Using synthetic exercises and trainers the students gradually meet the problems in a more varied combination and in a practical order and time frame. FinallyAir Trainingis used to demonstrate the validity of problem solutions and to instill self‐confidence in the student. The responsibility of the navigator is also instilled early by making the student the sole navigator of the training aircraft. Responsible navigation is a must because operational units expect the graduate to perform immediately with training only in operational requirements and tactics.Advanced navigation training is available to the graduate dependent upon his capabilities and after operational experience. A Staff Navigator Course provides a deeper understanding of the navigational problem and prepares the student for added responsibility. An Aerospace Systems Course prepares the navigator with a higher educational background for technical positions in equipment procurement and test

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNavigation trainingat the United States Air Force Academy is unique. The training is directed not only at future Air Force line navigators, but also at future pilots and combat support officers. The courses are designed to acquaint the cadet with the science of navigation rather than to train him to be a navigator.The basic course,Navigation Indoctrination, is the mainstay of the Navigation Division. The course covers basic dead reckoning, map reading, radar, day celestial, weather, airways and instrument flying, and an introduction to advanced techniques and equipment.The Navigation Concepts and Systems Development Courseexpands on the cadet's basic knowledge and strives to stimulate his mind toward the development and uses of advanced equipment and techniques.Descriptive Astronomypresents the fundamentals of astronomy, properties of the solar system and stellar astronomy.Introduction to Applied Astronomycovers, in the classroom, spherical and stellar astronomy. The course is enriched with laboratory exercises in the Academy's observatory and 50‐foot planetarium.In addition to the formal courses taught to cadets, the Navigation Division is completing a research study of training methods for star identification and use of the space sextant. The Skylab astronauts are programmed to start training at the USAF Academy in March of 1972 in preparation for a space navigation experiment.As a motivational introduction to aircrew training, the Navigation Division conducts an “Air Cruise” program each summer. This course introduces the cadet to navigation, navigation training at Mather, and aircrew training with one of the major com

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHoneywell is currentlydesigning and manufacturing the Undergraduate Navigator Training System (UNTS) for the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division and the Air Training Command.This paper describes the design and human factors philosophy of the UNTS, an all‐digital trainer that simulates a complete array of air navigation instruments. The discussion emphasizes in particular the training objectives to be met and how the trainer is designed to meet these objectives, and the simulation concepts employed to activate the navigation instrument

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has beenmuch talk recently about the desirability of using civil avionics procurement techniques in order to reduce the military systems' costs. This paper attempts to quantify some of this discussion. Specifically, it addresses itself to three financial problem areas of military avionics procurement:1. High acquisition costs.2. Significant program cost growths.3. Large total costs‐of‐ownership.Significant effort has recently been made by the Department of Defense to reduce these overall costs, and this paper suggests further techniques which can be learned from the civil area for still greater cost reductions. Particular emphasis is given to cost/reliability design criteria, and to warranty to cover follow‐on costs. Specific examples of potential overall cost savings on airborne avionics equipment are presented for these recommended cost saving techn

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGeneral aviationis faced with the problem of traffic congestion. The present navigational methods are based on the use of VOR/DME/TACAN ground facilities resulting in routes directly to and from the ground stations. Toward relieving the problem, a logical method is the utilization of airspace or corridors removed from and essentially parallel to the VOR/DME ground facilities. These corridors would be defined and maintained relative to the VOR/DME ground structure.The method described is termed Area Navigation. Systems that satisfy the requirements of R‐NAV typically navigate relative to way points within the corridor.The intent of this paper is to show why and how Doppler navigation equipment is suited to the requirements of R‐NAV. The discussion points out the advantages of self‐contained Doppler navigation systems such as versatility of routes, continuous velocity vector data for controlled arrival time, and accuracy with little or no need to update.A description is given of an R‐NAV system comprised of a particular Doppler velocity sensor with optional navigational computer sets. The presentation of specific equipment relates real, operational hardware to the area navigation

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe feasibilityand range of options associated with the plans for advanced deep space missions critically depend upon the state of navigation technology. To examine the state of readiness of this technology, a study was made of the navigation system requirements and capabilities for potential advanced deep space missions of the 1978 to 1990 era.Looking beyond the presently planned Viking and Outer Planets Exploration missions, we find candidates such as comet and asteroid flyby and rendezvous, outer planet orbiter and entry probe, and Mars (or its satellites) surface rover and sample return missions. For each mission type, we surveyed scientific objectives and mission characteristics to identify the navigation accuracy goals. A range of goals arising from varying mission options and scientific payoffs is presented for each mission type.In the past, deep space navigation systems have been characterized by a combination of a small number of elements. The functions of the navigation system are to measure the spacecraft's trajectory relative to its target, determine the trajectory and the relative accuracy to which we know it, decide upon the appropriate correction maneuver required to deliver the spacecraft to its intended target, and to perform the guidance to carry out that maneuver. The elements of the navigation system are categorized within these particular functions. Technology requirements for an expanded set of navigation elements are examined within the categorization. The synthesis of the expanding universe of navigation elements into feasible, efficient systems is discussed.In summary, this paper presents a survey of advanced deep space mission navigation requirements by an examination of the potential missions and their navigation system goals.

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn projectSKYLAB, the Command and Service Module which ferrys astronaut crews to and from the Orbital Workshop is required to have the capability of providing attitude control for the entire Orbital Assembly during docked phases of the mission. A digital autopilot has been designed which meets this requirement. It is a direct descendant of the digital autopilot designed for and used extensively in project Apollo. There is a major difference however. For Apollo, it was reasonable to design an autopilot that treated the roll, pitch, and yaw axes independently. Because of the geometry of the Orbital Assembly, however, it is of considerable advantage to design the jet selection logic for SKYLAB such that the roll and pitch axes are treated as coupled, and also that the roll and yaw axes are treated as coupled. This paper discusses how inter‐axis dependence has been incorporated in the Command and Service Module's digital autopilot while working within the limitations of the onboard computer. A simulation example of the operation of this autopilot is also presente

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1972.tb01694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY