ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110135

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110136

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdverse psychological and physical impacts have been related to experience of detriment arising from sex discrimination. In the present study detriment was operationalized in terms of differential career progress, unequal access to organizational benefits and experience of sexual harassment. A national UK sample of 1802 police women, 510 police men and 164 civilian women took part in the study. Results revealed gender differences in exposure to detriment and the suffering of associated adverse impacts. Subjective rating of impacts by police women revealed the greatest impact to be associated with frustrated career progression and the least from experience of sexual harassment. A multiple regression analysis suggested the reverse order when predicting elevated GHQ(28) scores for women officers. This is accounted for by cultural factors, which are also proposed to be influential in rates of reporting sources of discrimination.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110137

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreoperative hypnosis and stress reduction in combination with suggestions in general anaesthesia were investigated in maxillofacial surgery. Nineteen patients were prospectively matched to control patients and received a ‘hypnosis tape’ with suggestions directed at reduced bleeding, less postoperative swelling and improved recovery. Postsurgical oedema, pyrexia and the consumption of anxiolytics postoperatively were significantly reduced in the hypnosis gr

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110138

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have found evidence of a connection between stress and the appearance of psoriasis symptoms. It was therefore hypothesized that stress management techniques such as biofeedback and relaxation could be effective in ameliorating the severity of the symptoms. Thirty‐two psoriatics were randomly divided into three groups, one trained in biofeedback and relaxation techniques, one in relaxation alone and the third receiving no treatment. The subjects' condition was evaluated by a physician at the start and end of the 3‐month study. Additionally, at the end of the study, the subjects were asked to assess the degree to which their symptoms had improved relative to the start of the study and relative to the same season of the previous year. The results indicated that, in comparison to the waiting list group, the biofeedback and relaxation group reported considerable improvement in their condition relative to the same season of the previous year. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the degree of improvement relative to the start of the study. It is suggested that the fact that psoriasis is subject to seasonal variations may account for the differential findi

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110139

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSources of stress, job satisfaction and coping were investigated in 245 general hospital nurses using standardized questionnaires. It was hypothesized that coping strategies, social support and job satisfaction would moderate or buffer the effects of the stressor on psychological distress, such that those who were lower in coping skills, social support and job satisfaction would be more reactive to stress effects. Negative main effects on mental well‐being, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire, were found for workload, lack of social support, inadequate preparation, conflict with other nurses, conflict with doctors and use of avoidance coping strategies. Proposed buffering effects were investigated using multiple regression analysis to control for the main effects. Although consistently in the predicted direction, the buffering effects were found to be very small and non‐significant. It was concluded that for stress in nurses the results supported a transactional model rather than an interactive model for social support and cop

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110140

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough heterogeneous in methodology and content, 32 studies from 13 countries on bus drivers' work and health are similar in their conclusions. Bus‐driving–characterized by high demands, low control and low support – can be regarded as a classic example of high‐strain occupation, with high risks of physical and mental occupational ill‐health, leading to absenteeism and to decreased productivity of employees and enterprises. Several recommendations – some of them already being implemented by bus companies – are presented in order to reduce work stress in bus drivers. They relate to: (a) ergonomics of the bus cabin, (b) job rotation and ‘combination jobs’, (c) timetables, shift schedules and quality of break periods, and (d) the social work environment and management style. Stress monitoring and stress reduction is not merely a technical process based on a technical analysis and on the simple ‘straightforward’ realization of recommendations and findings. It relates to changing and improving organizations and organizational processes. Such organization changes can best be obtained through a stepwise and participative approach. There are indications that those companies that invest in preventive measures

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110141

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA conceptual model of Type A behaviour pattern (TABP) is presented which frames the pattern in terms of current cognitive‐behavioural psychology and in the wider context of the psychosocial risk factors of CHD. Type A behaviours are considered as stemming from Type A appraisals, elicited in specific situations in individuals with enhanced emotional reactivity who hold a system of beliefs identifiable as Type A. A study was performed in order to assess the possible associations of personality dimensions such as extraversion and neuroticism to TABP and identify specific dysfunctional beliefs associated with TABP. The Bortner Rating Scale (BRS) was administered as a measure of TABP, together with the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) for measuring extraversion and neuroticism and a shortened version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), in a random subsample of a male white‐collar population screened in the worksite for cardiovascular risk factors (N= 200). BRS scores showed a high direct correlation with DAS total scores (r= 0.64), a significant one with neuroticism (r= 0.29) and a weaker one with extraversion (r= 0.15). DAS was factor analysed and a solution found identifying eight factors. Two of them were correlated with TABP, namely ‘support‐reliance’, directly correlated, and ‘self‐confidence’, inversely. At a robust stepwise multiple regression analysis, using the above psychometric measures as independent variables and BRS scores as dependent variable, a model was found accounting for 35 per cent of variance of TABP distribution. The findings give partial support to the model proposed. The identified dysfunctional beliefs involved a higher sense of dependency of Type A individuals. A prospective study is under way to assess the possible predictive power of these cognitive factors. If confirmed, the model could partially account for inconsistencies of empirical findings

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110142

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110144

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460110101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY