ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn August rats, a strain highly susceptible to emotional stress, 24 h immobilization stress (IS) decreased the rate and amplitude of platelet aggregation induced by collagen (2–4 m̈g/ml) or ADP (0.25–5.0 m̈M) in platelet‐rich plasma, but had no effect on ATP release reaction and calculated peripheral blood platelet counts. Platelet aggregability was unchanged in groups deprived of food and water for 24 h or subjected to a 6 h IS. Only after 24 h IS were the effects of collagen and low concentrations of ADP potentiated by preincubation with epinephrine (1 m̈M). The IS‐induced decrease of platelet aggregation significantly correlated with the thymus involution, and both effects were most pronounced in rats displaying low scores of activity in the hole–board apparatus. The data indicate that behavioural variables should be taken into account in the analysis of stress‐induced changes in platelet functions, and possibly of any other s

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBorderline hypertensive patients (N= 33) were studied in order to ascertain if they showed a specific psychological profile and a greater emotional and cardiovascular reactivity than normotensive controls (N= 21). Borderline hypertensive patients scored significantly higher in type A behaviour (JAS), total hostility (BDI), anxiety, physical symptoms and general psychopathology (GHQ), but did not differ from controls in the frequency and intensity of stressful daily events, the quality and magnitude of emotional response (daily evaluated through visual analogue scales) and the degree of blood pressure variability. Taken in general, results did not confirm the psychological and psychophysiological profile repeatedly proposed for hypertensive patients.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sample of Australian psychiatric nurses completed a questionnaire which included operational measures of elements of Carver and Scheier's self‐control model of stress including the frequency dimension of the subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory — emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished accomplishment. Other scales completed by participants included independent subscales contained in the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale and the private and public self‐focus and social anxiety subscales of the Self‐Consciousness Scale (Revised). Two interpretable canonical variates labelled emotional exhaustion–depersonalization and diminished accomplishment were derived from analysis of the date. Each element of the self‐control model showed an expected contribution to an emotional exhaustion–depersonalization canonical variate, whereas reported levels of only positive affectivity and private self‐focus made a notable contribution to explanation of variance on the diminished accomplishment ca

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolice officers, in the performance of their duties, face a range of potentially stressful situations and events. These have the capacity to cause significant personal distress, leading to short — and long‐term changes in mood, psychological functioning and social activity. In response to the stresses of the job, officers must utilize any number of coping strategies to deal with their occupational stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the stress‐coping strategies used by a large sample of Australian police personnel. Responses to the Revised Ways of Coping Checklist showed that most officers utilize problem‐focused, direct action coping strategies, with more limited use of social supports, self‐blame and wishful thinking. While their coping behaviours may help them moderate problem‐focused stress concerns, the data suggest that many officers may not deal effectively with their emotion‐focused concerns. These data are examined in the light of the research literature detailing the so‐called pol

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and administered to a sample of 84 white‐collar workers in Brazil. Five of the six scales of the OSI (job satisfaction, mental and physical health, coping, type A behaviour, sources of stress) showed acceptable reliability. The reliability of the sixth scale (locus of control) was disappointing, in keeping with earlier findings that suggest that this scale requires further development. Alternative measures of the stress outcomes — job satisfaction, mental health and physical health — were taken in order to assess the construct validity of these three scales. These measures included translations of the Hackman‐Oldham job satisfaction measure and the Crown–Crisp Experiential Index, as well as subjective measures of health‐related behaviours. Correlational and multivariate analyses of these data suggested that the job satisfaction, mental health and physical health scales of the OSI had good validity, with the physical health measure probably including a psychosomatic component. These findings are promising for the development of a new version of the OSI designed for use in So

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe state of leucocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) during stress was determined in 44 rats following sham operation or olfactory bulbectomy. The effects of chronic treatment with the antidepressant desipramine, and calf thymopeptides, on the LAA state and differential white cell count were also studied and compared. In the olfactory bulbectomized rats, LAA percentages and ratios were significantly increased compared with sham operated animals. In the white cell count, the percentage of neutrophils was markedly increased while the percentage of lymphocytes was decreased. Chronic desipramine treatment has no effect on lesioned changes in the LAA and the proportion of white cell. However, thymopeptides significantly reduced LAA percentage and normalized the lymphocyte and neutrophil count in the bulbectomized rats. Such findings further help to valid the olfactory bulbectomized rats as a model of depression and support the view that the state of LAA is a sensitive marker of stress.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo studies are presented, both of which aimed to establish the effects of psychosocial load and symptoms on the following enumerative immunologic parameters: leucocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets, and plasma levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM. In study I, 83 and in study II, 95 subjects participated, who were selected based on their scores on questionnaires measuring daily hassles, and psychoneurotic symptoms. The following four groups were composed: (1) low load, few symptoms; (2) high load, few symptoms; (3) low load, many symptoms; (4) high load, many symptoms. The influences of the psychological variables were assessed using regression analyses, while controlling for age (study I), gender (study 2), smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and plasma levels of adrenaline and cortisol. The psychological factors did not explain any of the variance in the dependent variables in either study. It is concluded that there is no relationship between the immunologic parameters under investigation and self‐reports of daily hassles and symptom

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY