ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article further explores the effects of stress on leukocyte adhesiveness. The concentration of plasma catecholamines as well as the LAA values were examined in 16 volunteers during a cold pressor test and in 15 volunteers following physical activity. A significant correlation between LAA values and plasma norepinephrine, dopamine and epinephrine was noted. In addition, experimental studies of anaesthetized dogs infused with dopamine and norepinephrine showed increased LAA values, and an insulin‐induced hypoglycaemic animal model for adrenergic stress indicated an inverse correlation between serum glucose concentrations and LAA values. Finally, in the presence of an MAO inhibitor, norepinephrine significantly increased the state of LAAin vitro.Thus, there exists an association between adrenergic stress and the appearance of sticky leukocytes in the circulating pool. We assume that, at least in part, this stickiness results from a direct effect of the catecholamines on the adhesive properties of the cells. Other factors might be related to the decreased endothelial adhesiveness towards the white blood cells as well as the concomitant effect of other mediators released during stress. This study also supports our notion that the state of LAA in the peripheral blood can serve as a useful stress marke

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of psychic stress on receptor activity. The model studied was the intestinal receptor for the intrinsic factor — cobalamin complex of the rat. Several kinds of stress tended to decrease the activity of the receptor, but not quite significantly. Brain death caused significant decrease. Pregnancy and oestradiol treatment were included as positive controls as they significantly increased receptor activit

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSuicide, which is a common problem in China, is attracting more attention from Chinese psychiatrists at present. This study reports on the demographic characteristics of 75 suicide attempters and discusses the effects of crisis intervention (CI) management of these people in Shanghai. Most of them are under 35 years of age and have very poor relationships with their partners and parents. It appears that 77.3 per cent of the attempters can improve and are able to cope with stressful events through supportive psychotherapy and brief problem‐oriented psychotherapeutic management. The author suggests that CI can be an immediate, effective and practical approach when used to prevent suicide and parasuicide in the community in Chin

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReports investigating occupational stress in Brazil have suffered from a paucity of Brazilian stress measurement tools. This article reports a detailed examination of occupational stress among white‐collar workers in a medium‐sized Brazilian government organization, using a Brazilian‐Portuguese translation of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). This indicator is used widely in the UK, Europe and in the US, and measures major sources of pressure at work, stress outcome variables (job satisfaction, mental and physical health) and individual difference variables (Type A behaviour, locus of control, and coping strategies). These individual difference variables are purported to mediate the relationship between the sources of pressure and stress outcomes. Additional independent measures of the stress outcome variables were used along with measures of personal demographics. The findings suggest that these Brazilian workers experience more sources of pressure and use fewer coping strategies than a normative comparison group comprising UK workers, though it is not clear whether these differences are unique to the Brazilian organization in the study or due to differences in stress cross‐nationally. Thirty‐one to forty‐year‐olds reported greater sources of stress than either younger or older workers, but age did not independently predict stress outcomes. Females tended to report higher sources of stress, poorer health and lower job satisfaction than males, and sex also independently predicted health and job satisfaction on some measures of these variables. Those with degrees reported greater sources of stress and lower job satisfaction than those without degrees, but educational level did not independently predict the stress outcome variables whereas job type did predict job satisfaction, with those in managerial jobs generally being more satisfied than those in clerical or in technical jobs. This latter group were the least satisfied and experienced the greatest sources of stress. Other predictors of job satisfaction included locus of control, Type A behaviour and sources of stress from factors intrinsic to the job. In fact, this last variable was important in predicting both job satisfaction and health on all measures of these variables. Other predictors of health included locus of control and sources of stress from the interface between home and work. In general, findings obtained with alternative measures of the same stress outcome variables were consistent, adding convergent validit

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that the course of rheumatoid arthritis is negatively influenced by the occurrence of stressful life events, a prospective study over 1 year was carried out. Thirty patients filled out a modified German version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale every 3 months and reported the events that had occurred to them since they last filled out the questionnaire; in addition, they supplied information about changes in their rheumatic symptoms. Intraindividual simultaneous and cross‐lagged correlations between life events and change of symptoms were computed across points of assessments. The number of positive correlations equalled that of the negative ones, thus not supporting the hypothesis formulated above. Correspondingly, cross‐sectional comparisons for each of the four intervals revealed no differences in experienced life events between patients whose symptoms had worsened and those whose symptoms had remained constant or even ameliora

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreviously, stress induced sudden cardiac death (SCD) was discussed along with methods that might help prevent its occurrence. In this article, emphasis is on one aspect of prevention — a recently reintroduced technique to induce the relaxation response: photostimulation dark goggles that purportedly act as a brain wave synchronizer (BWS). Relative to BWS, first a review of the literature is given; then a summary of a recently completed clinical study is presented. Next, the results of an ongoing clinical study are given. Following this, case studies are presented of assessment by galvanic skin resistance, pulse rate, and electroencephalograph. Finally, future directions are discusse

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOf 31 patients with anxiety and 44 with depression attending the Maudsley Stress Clinic, only one of the former and two of the latter did not suffer from sleep disturbance. Severity of impairment of five sleep factors was greater in depression than in anxiety, statistically significantly so in the case of delayed sleep onset (p<0.01), early morning walking (p<0.01) and impaired state on walking (p<0.05). The type of sleep disorder in these conditions has important implications for choice of treatment.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460090212

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY