ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the behavioural effects of a new class of psychotropic drugs, the serenics, which exert specific antiaggressive effects in animal paradigms of (offensive) agonistic behaviour. Serenics specifically inhibit offensive aggression, leaving defensive behaviour intact. Ethological profiling of serenics and reference drugs from different drug classes shows the unique profile of the serenics: antiaggressive action without impairment of sensoric or motoric functions and without sedation or muscle relaxation. This contrasts sharply with drugs from other drug classes, eg neuroleptics, psychostimulants or anxiolytics, which all have non‐specific antiaggressive or even proaggressive actions.The behavioural profile of serenics is illustrated in this paper in a male aggression paradigm (resident‐intruder in rats) and a female aggression paradigm (maternal aggression of lactating rats). For comparative reasons, drugs from several different classes have also been tested in these paradigms to compare the profiles of action.The use and possible future applications of specific antiaggressive drugs are discus

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom voodoo deaths to life events, stress produces many psychophysiological responses. Social changes constitute an important stress factor and there is a correlation between stress scores and mental health risk. In personal studies, a three‐way relationship among life events, socioeconomic status and health impairment scores has been demonstrated. Furthermore, there was a reciprocal influence between life events and impairment scores that has previously been somewhat overlooked. Recently, an emphasis has developed on current stressors rather than on previous life events, such stressors being tied to social role. There are powerful associations between social stressors and psychiatric symptomatology. especially symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. The individual's responses to stress depend little on attitudes and values but almost entirely upon the individual's ‘definition of the situation’. Whether or not the character of life in western society is more stressful than in the past is debatable, and even the most fortunate of persons may live lives that have their full share of difficulty and private de

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor many couples infertility is a major trauma, particularly when the fault occurs in the male. Donor insemination provides a simple means of relieving this stress but may conceal a morass of emotional complexity. Counselling of the couple is essential to ensure their own future and that of the children. The diagnosis of marital infertility can be shattering to a man's self‐esteem and indirectly to the woman also. A further problem may arise in deciding what to tell the child in later life. It is encouraging that help is available for those who may be involved in this neglected area of human distres

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhereas the child's need for mothering is absolute, the need for an adult woman to mother is relative. During pregnancy and subsequent child development, the mother unconsciously relives her own infantile and childhood experiences. Psychiatric disturbance is common in pregnancy and anxiety may be normal or pathological. ‘State’ or ‘trait’ anxiety need to be differentiated in order to consider treatment interventions. High anxiety levels may exert a number of adverse effects on mother and child alike. Adequate social support is important and intervention should be considered on humane grounds at the ver

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContemporary law enforcement officers must function as counsellors, social workers, psychologists, negotiators and investigators, as well as traditional police officers. Their work alternates from dull and boring to moments of sheer panic, when life and death decisions have to be made in a matter of seconds. The combination of factors in police work–dealing with terrible situations and traumatized victims, and working under the threat of physical danger–results in overwhelming stress. It is this unusual amount of stress that makes explicable the fact that police officers in the United States have high rates of problem drinking, suicide and divorce. How exactly does stress cause attitude and behaviour changes, impair familiy and social relationships and develop cynicism, apathy and an unwillingness to seek help? This article explores these concerns and the early warning signs of poor adaptation to the stress created by policing violence. Some techniques to combat poor adaptation are also outli

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review of the literature indicates that several factors have been purported to increase the risk for the development of arterial hypertension: family history, age, sex, race, nutritional factors, salt intake, obesity, various chemical agents, traffic noise, occupational stress, socioeconomic status and social stress. However, it is not known whether these are really independent risk factors for hypertension. We point out that these factors are related to each other and that they differ with regard to their impact on the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. In particular, a hyper‐responsiveness of blood pressure to different stimuli, reflecting an overreactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, appears to play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, the haemodynamic response to provocative stress tests may enable us to identify individuals at high risk for future hypertensio

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe research programme on Breakdown in Human Adaptation, initiated by the Medical and Public Health Research Committee of the Commission of the European Communities, is described. The aims of the programme are to encourage transnational, multidisciplinary research on the problems of stress and human adaptation, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease and performance decrement in transport operations. The organization of the programme is outlined and its progress to date is summarized.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460020311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY