ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reader is taken on a journey spanning some 25 years devoted to the author's involvement in stress research as a sociologist of health. The starting point is work on life stressors, moving to the distinction between tension and stress and the concept of generalized resistance resources. In the course of the story, consideration is given to the difference between the study of diseases and of dis–ease. The next step taken is the formulation of the salutogenic problem and its implications for health research, in contrast to the traditional study of pathogenesis. Finally, the meaning of the sense of coherence, an orientation to the world as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful, and hypothesized to be a core variable in shaping coping with stressors and thereby influencing health status, is discusse

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe estimation of theoretically informed models of stress require valid and unconfounded measures of the explanatory constructs that comprise the models. Psychosocial theoretical perspectives draw analytic distinctions between life circumstances, subjective evaluation of threat, adaptive/defensive/coping responses, and dysfunctional personal and social consequences. The theoretical considerations surrounding these constructs and the implications of these considerations for measurements decisions are reviewed. Further progress in understanding the stress process depends on increasingly sophisticated theoretical statements that permit finer delineation of explanatory constructs. Progress depends also on analytic techniques that permit the estimation of structural relations among latent constructs independent of the correlated errors between the observed variables.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is proposed that a proliferation of construct usage is risked by the routine separation of the constructs of ‘stress’ and ‘coping’, commonplace in the literature. Instead, stress, considered to be ‘an undesired state of the individual’, is seen as a byproduct of the ‘expenditure of energy in transacting coping responses’. The concepts employed in the preceding statement are elaborated upon and operationalized. A consequence of this position for stress measurement is that the latter becomes addressed to the stated properties of coping. Such properties can occur in various temporal locationsvis‐a‐vissome ‘untoward event’. They may take place in advance of the event, in connection with ‘prophylactic coping’; during the event; or in connection with coping impelled by the aftermath of the event. Implications of the stated proposition for the structure of me

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch on life events, social support and depressive behaviour has evolved from the descriptive level to the contextual perspective. Precise conceptualization of the terms used, such as ‘life events’ and ‘social support’ is called for, together with a conscientious application of research techniques like the interview method. Careful analysis of different variables such as ‘provoking agent’ and ‘vulnerability factor’ would seem necessary, before the causality question ca

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present work investigates the effect of a chronic stress model in which several acute stressors were applied on a random basis on pituitary–adrenal, prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and thyroid—stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to the serotonin agonist 5‐methoxy‐N, N‐dimethyltryptamine (MeODMT) administered peripherally. The drug stimulates pituitary–adrenal, prolactin and GH secretion at the two doses tested. Its effect on serum TSH was stimulatory at the lower dose but had no effect at the higher dose. Previous chronic stress did not alter pituitary‐adrenal, prolactin and TSH responses to the drug. In contrast, reduced GH response to MeODMT was observed in chronically stressed rats, suggesting that subsensitivity to serotonin was present after chronic stress. The present results indicate that serotonergic pathways controlling anterior pituitary hormone secretion respond heterogeneously to c

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood pressure and resting heart rate were examined by standardized procedures in 33 air traffic controllers during a period of occupational conflict in 1981, followed by a reexamination of 27 of them in 1982 when the conflict was resolved, and again in 23 of them in 1988 when there was no conflict.The mean systolic blood pressure in the 27 air traffic controllers in 1982 was 116 mmHg as against 136 in 1981, a highly significant difference (p<0.001). In 1988 the mean blood pressure was 121 mmHg in the 23 air traffic controllers examined on all three occasions, i.e. still significantly lower than in 1981 and only 5 mmHg higher than in 1982, roughly equivalent to the expected increase due to increase in age. The mean diastolic pressure was significantly higher (p<0.001) in 1981 (90–87) than in 1982 (75–73) and 1988 (81–78), and thus slightly higher in 1988 than in 1982 as expected, due to age. The resting heart rates were essentially unaffected.The effect of occupational conflict on the blood pressures reported here should be kept in mind when considering blood pressure levels in occupational groups. It may in fact explain some of the conflicting results reported in the literature concerning the blood pressure of air traffic contro

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a prospective epidemiologic study of risk for depression in a random sample of 43 families, we interviewed adults and children in their homes at baseline, six months later, and nine months after the second interview. At time‐1 and time‐3, a 28‐item stressful life events (SLE) inventory was given to each adult and child over the age of 11, and at time‐2, to the family as a whole. Risk for depression was evaluated by screening instruments and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. At time‐1, the mean number of SLE reported as occurring in the last six months was 4.43 ± 3.55. For the 34 families that were interviewed all three times, almost two more SLE per family (5.82 ± 3.70) were reported at time‐3 than at time‐1 (3.97 ± 2.59). Methodologic factors, as well as being in ‘risk’ status at some time during the study, were responsible for the greater number of events reported at time‐3 than at time‐1. There was surprisingly little agreement among family members about the number and type of SLE that had occurred. Children's reports of SLE added approximately 20 per cent to t

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY