ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reports results of a study of the impact of life changes on stress level, running injury and illness among a sample of 572 adult runners. Based on previous research findings and anecdotal data, we hypothesized that greater life change would increase chances of running injury, stress and non‐injury‐related illness and that a higher stress level, whatever its sources, would raise the probability of injury and illness. Results lend support to each hypothesis. Causality is suggested in each instance. However, the causal influence between stress, on the one hand, and injury and illness, on the other, may be twoway, since measures used cover simultaneous time periods and since other data presented here show that being injured is in itself stressful. A number of possible mediating linkages are explored which might explain the impact of life change on injury and illn

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe survey study reported here was designed to investigate whether type A behaviour increases risk of stress, running injury and illness among a sample of 572 adult runners. The findings show modest but significant correlations between type A behaviour and two stress measures, times injured during past three months, running days missed and reduced due to running injury, health care appointments for running injuries, and health care appointments for other types of illness. Most of these correlations remained after controlling out another stress‐related variable, life change score. Type A behaviour added to the variance in stress level explained by life change score. Finally, incurring a running injury was found to be more stressful among high than low type A runners. Possible explanations for these findings were presented, as were implications for runners and future researcher

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndocrine disorders may present in an atypical way in old people and are often mistaken for ageing itself. Ageing produces a variety of changes in endocrine function, most of which are minor and of little clinical relevance in contrast to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with endocrine disease in the elderly. Nearly all systems may be affected in the elderly and the possibility of underlying hormonal dysfunction should not be overlooked, because of the opportunities for curative treatment. In most instances the investigations employed to diagnose endocrine disorders in the elderly are similar to those used in younger patients. However, ageing and multiple pathology have an important effect upon the biochemical effects of both thyroid disease and diabetes and so these are considered in more detail.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe changes which Alzheimer associated with this disease are still a major focus of interest in pathological studies, but their relative importance and association to symptoms is still not clear. The diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very difficult clinical problem since there is no pathognomic test. It can be particularly difficult to differentiate the condition from depressive illness. Despite doubts about the significance and specificity of the cholinergic deficit in AD, attempts at therapy with cholinergic drugs have been made. Physostigmine has produced some small improvements, but it is not yet known whether the drug is clinically useful or not. Its utility may be limited by its short half‐life. Other approaches to management of AD should not be neglected. Increased publicity concerning AD is a potential source of stress to the elderly generally, but increased awareness of this disease both by the general public and health professionals has probably helped support and management of A

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evidence that environmental stress or personality type are related to hypertension is inconsistent. A review of the literature reveals that a multitude of stressors has been investigated in relation to hypertension and interest in the treatment of hypertension by non‐pharmacological methods, including stress management, has increased. Well‐being has been defined as the ability to perform a normal occupation, housework, hobbies and leisure interests, and this also includes enjoyment of eating, drinking, personal relations, social contacts and sex. There is little evidence that the state of well‐being differs between individuals unaware of their hypertensive status and normotensives, although there does appear to be an influence of labelling individuals as hypertensives on the well‐being status. The act of diagnosis and drug treatment may impair well‐being and it is important that clinicians appreciate the negative effects of therapy as well as the

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLife event scales that include generic weightings may bias or distort research results in the field of stress. The authors have devised a new scale based upon the subject's individual perceptions of life events. There is a need for life event scales designed on a sample of the population on which a larger study is to be undertaken.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral studies have strongly implicated the emotion of hope as a significant factor in the onset and/or course of illness. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic illness of unknown etiology, and the impact of hopelessness and helplessness spreads inexorably to family members. In conjunction with rheumatologists, we have begun a 12‐month study of rheumatoid patients who are receiving their first course of remission‐inducing therapy. If psychological and physiological responses can be shown to correlate, predictive profiles might be designed to identify ‘at risk’ populations. Therapeutic efforts might then be undertaken to increa

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn international study investigated 1065 senior and chief executives from 10 countries in terms of their mental health, job satisfaction and sources of job stress. It was found that executives from developing or rapidly changing societies were most ‘at risk’ of mental ill‐health and job dissatisfaction. Within‐country multiple regression analysis revealed that executives from the developed world suffered from a feeling of ‘lack of autonomy’, while those from the developing countries reflected more basic pressures of ‘work overload’, time pressures and deadlines, long working hours and, ultimately, the consequences of interpersonal difficulties

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements of stature can now be made to an accuracy of better than 1 mm and decreases in stature have been shown to relate closely to the biomechanical load on the spine. In order to test the hypothesis that they relate also to psychophysical factors, observations were made at Linköping and Liverpool of the changes resulting: (1) from standing with different vertical loads compared with ratings of discomfort; (2) from lying supine but inverted, for comparison with ratings for relaxation and comfort; and (3) after running, compared with ratings of perceived exertion. The results confirm that changes in stature are related not only to the biomechanical load on the spine but also to the psychophysical ratings

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460010411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY