ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate the proportion of individual‐ (ISR) and stimulus‐specific response stereotypy (SSR), 63 healthy volunteers were exposed to different structured situations: (1) cold pressor test (CP); (2) noise; (3) mental arithmetic task (MA); (4) active relaxation (AR). Physiological parameters were quantified on‐line in 10‐sec periods. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were measured during rest and 2 min after the onset of each task. Subjective evaluation showed that CP, MA and noise were rated as similarly unpleasant. CP induced vasoconstriction, paralleled by an increase in NE and E secretion. Noise induced only a non‐specific increase in electrodermal activity. In contrast, MA led to a highly significant increase in heart rate and pulse wave velocity. Estimation of the variance components showed that the concepts of ISR and SSR coexist. Thus, our data show that the distinction between non‐specific and specific stress response is arbitrary and that ISR as well as SSR stereotypy plays an important role in autonomous responses to stress

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this short review, an attempt is made to assess the evidence implicating a disorder in central biogenic amine neurotransmission in panic disorder. Circumstantial evidence obtained from studying the efficacy of benzodiazepines and antidepressants in attenuating some of the key symptoms of panic disorders suggests that the GABAergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic systems may be causally involved in the pathology of this condition. The possible neuroanatomical substrates for the major symptoms of panic disorder are discussed. Finally, the direct evidence implicating abnormalities in the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems is considered as assessed by changes in peripheral markers of these neurotransmitters. So far, the results of such studies are equivocal and point to the need for more extensive longitudinal studies before any firm conclusion can be reached implicating abnormalities in the function of any specific neurotransmitters in the disorder.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom 1950 to 1980 in Japan, estimates of the availability of medicaments, toxic domestic gas and motor vehicle exhaust, and firearms were strongly associated with the suicide rates using those methods. The results suggest that restricting access to lethal methods of suicide may reduce the suicide rate.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe occurrence of alexithymic features (inability to verbalize emotions) and cortisol hypersecretion was investigated in 257 subjects drawn from a Finnish adult community sample. Seventy‐five were considered to have poor sleep, 154 were good sleepers and 28 intermediate sleepers. The quality of sleep was investigated with the help of a self‐report‐based questionnaire, and alexithymic features were assessed during a psychiatric interview. Cortisol hypersecretion was measured by the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Alexithymic features were clearly related to self‐reported insomnia and especially to long sleep latency (SL). Age and sex covaried with the relation between alexithymic features and quality of sleep. However, independent of age and sex, subjects with alexithymic features reported significantly more insomnia, difficulty in maintaining sleep (DMS) and parasomnias than non‐alexithymics. Though the occurrence of DST non‐suppressors did not differ in the good and the poor sleepers, the post‐dexamethasone cortisol level positively associated with alexithymic features. The data support but do not definitely prove the arousal theory of functional (psychophysiological) insomnia, ie a tendency of internalize psychic conflicts and an inability to verbalize them may lead to increased arousal and subseq

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study assessed the job stress and stress‐coping mechanisms associated with the mental health, job satisfaction and alcohol intake of dealers (i.e. traders in currency, gilts, swaps, bonds, etc.) working in the City of London. Two hundred and twenty‐five dealers completed questionnaires providing data on the independent variables of job stress, stress‐coping methods, coronary‐prone (type A) behaviour, locus of control, personality, sources of stress in the job, and demographic and biographic factors. Dependent variables were mental health, job satisfaction, and alcohol consumption. It was found that male dealers showed significantly higher anxiety scores than the normative population. The job satisfaction levels of dealers was found to be high. 41.3 per cent of dealers reported drinking more than the average for professionals and 23.6 per cent reported drinking at least twice as much as the recommended maximum weekly intake. Male dealers drank significantly more than female dealers. Multivariate analysis disclosed that the stress of taking risks and achieving high performance was related to both low job satisfaction and low mental health. The stress‐coping method of prioritizing and planning work was related to job satisfaction, mental health and lower alcohol consumption. Internal locus of control was found to be associated with both job satisfaction and mental health. Neuroticism was also highly predictive of mental health, as expected. Dealers working for US‐owned financial institutions were found to indicate significantly less job satisfaction and poorer mental health than dealers working for British‐owned

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between abnormal facial appearance, body image and psychological functioning. It explores the differences between patients in whom abnormalities of facial appearance generate stress which leads to personality impairment and mental illness and patients with abnormal personalities and/or mental illness who complain that they have an abnormal facial appearance. The role of cosmetic surgery and other therapies in treating these different. types of dissatisfaction with appearance is reviewed.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of mental adjustment was carried out by means of a questionnaire at a Swedish UN logistic battalion in south Lebanon at the end of its period of service. The results showed a general good adjustment with no great variations between different subgroups. A rather high proportion of the respondents reported the service as being monotonous. Compared with earlier studies, a higher proportion of stress symptoms was found. It is possible that this could have been caused by differences in selection and service conditions.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder is a well‐defined clinical syndrome which has been very difficult to treat with standard psychotherapies and medications. There is a ‘hidden epidemic’ of silent sufferers who will begin seeking treatment as general knowledge of the efficacy of serotinin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and behavioral therapy becomes widespread. The serotonin model requires us to reconceptualize the monoamine reuptake inhibitors as more than antidepressants and raises the issue of whether there is a commonality in the biology of compulsions, impulsivity, bulimia, and

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060412

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY