摘要:

For those living in the Third World, no matter what their age, the risk of death and disability is always many times higher than for those living in the first world. Despite biomedical advances, illness and death remain common events. These stifle the ability to learn and the capacity to work and raise families, sap one's energy, discourage efforts for advancement, influence attitudes and pervade practically all activities. Table1 shows these higher risks of death.1,2The likelihood of dying in the Third World is almost 30 times greater for an infant, 40 to 75 times greater for a child, and more than a 1,000 times greater for a pregnant woman than in any of their counterparts living in an industrialized nation. Even the adolescent and elderly survivors continue to have a greater chance of becoming ill and dying.One of the first steps in attempting to identify possible methods to prevent this excess ill health and death is to analyze the causes. This paper reviews the available information on the causes of death and outlines the changes that have occurred recently.

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I am delighted to participate at this conference because it gives me the opportunity of acknowledging the contributions of individuals, institutions and agencies who have dedicated their skills and resources to the fight against death, disease, and disability in developing countries. I am particularly pleased to join in congratulating Dr. Ken Warren, not only for his direct contributions as a research scientist on tropical diseases, but more importantly for his inspiration and support, which has encouraged and enabled many others to work on these problems.I have been asked specifically to provide an African perspective and I would like to examine the subject of health research in Africa by reviewing the subject in three historical periods: (a) the colonial era, (b) the post‐independence period, and (c) the futur

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Asia, we are dealing with a region in the developing world which is inhabited by more than 2.5 billion people—more than half of the total population of this planet of ours. In the world of geographical convention, we are used to a flat, distorted projection of our spherical planet, the so‐called Mercator projection. Today's geographers depict the world as a global village and give for each country a size, not based on the number of square kilometers it occupies, but on one or another of its socio‐economic variables. In such depictions, national boundaries and sizes will change and we get a view of the fate of our planet, impressionistic rather than statistic. I have selected five pictures of the world in this format (Figs. 1–5) to convey a sense of Asian and global reality of health and disease. The countries are colored from light yellow, which depicts an advantageous situation, through yellow, orange, red, and finally to dark brown, which depicts the opposite—an extremely disadvantageous s

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I am commenting on methods for malaria eradication and control, while realizing my limitations in first‐hand experience with malaria‐control programs. I will not deal, therefore, with the potential impact of improvement of primary health care or the relative advantages and disadvantages of a vertical program organized centrally, as was the malaria eradication program of the 1950s and the 1960s. I will also not discuss economic considerations, although these are important. We are critical of economists for not considering the impact of health on development. Improvement of the standard of living of families in the developing world combined with health education is likely to have a marked effect on health. Who are more committed to the health of children than their parents? Because of my limited knowledge and experience in the above issues, I will draw strongly from the interaction of discoveries in the laboratory and their impact in the field and from my own experiences in the laboratory to

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Like those who have preceded me I wish to say that I am delighted to be here on the occasion of the presentation of the Frohlich Award to Dr. Kenneth Warren. For me the venue, as well as the occasion, is special: about nine years ago I came to this auditorium to attend the first meeting of the Rockefeller Great Neglected Diseases (GND) network and with the specific objective of introducing myself to Ken Warren. I was an Assistant Professor and a molecular biologist who wanted to work on parasites; by the end of that year I had been adopted into the GND family and it was really Ken's encouragement and support that sustained my initial commitment to this field during the ensuing years of developing a program in this arena. Through the development of the GND family, Ken drew persons like myself into a community of scientists who together raised each others' expectations and standards. The dramatic progress in the field of parasitology that is reflected in the program of the symposium owes much to Ken and to his untiring effort and spirit. It has been a very exciting part of my life and I am grateful for the opportunity to have been part of that effort.

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY