ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50993.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50994.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHuman gastric juice contains at least three different proteases which have been separated by column chromatography. Gastricsin is most probably one of these separated by this method. Proteolytic activity occurs over a pH range of approximately 0.5 to 4.0 in this composite protease mixture. Separation of the activities of individual proteases in gastric juice by simple pH control is not possible by current methods. Individual substrate differences may eventually lead to relatively simple methods of separation. Our usual laboratory procedures provide a partial summation of total gastric protease activity.The radioactive iodinated albumin method for protease measurements is a satisfactory and relatively simple laboratory procedure that can be applied to undiluted gastric juice. Results are related to a standard of purified pepsin of known specific activity and can therefore be reported in pepsin units.Clinical application of this method demonstrates that (1) protease is always present when acid is present; (2) Histalog stimulates the release of protease; (3) anticholinergic drugs may sometimes block the release of free acid but not protease; and (4) selective alteration of acid and protease appears to depend upon the intensity of pharmacologic stimulation or blockade of the vagus nerve.Clinical application of this method demonstrates that synthetic sulfated amylopectin has significant antipeptic activity both in vitro and in vivo.

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50995.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe peptic cell makes and secretes a protein (pepsinogen) and the cellular mechanisms governing the rate of synthesis and its relation to secretion are described and schematically illustrated.The peptic cell as a system secreting protein exists side by side with the parietal cell transporting H+, Cl, water and electrolytes. The functions of these two systems are usually closely integrated with each other and with the gastric musculature, but, under several well‐defined conditions, each system may be stimulated or inhibited separately from the other. The actions of cholinergic stimuli, histamine and gastrin and some of the characteristics of inhibition are described herei

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50996.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA review of the literature along with certain experimental studies in our laboratories on the physical, chemical and biological properties of a variety of synthetic sulfated polysaccharides have shown that the pharmacological activities of these substances seem to depend upon a complex interaction of two or more physical or chemical parameters. For example, only fair correlations existed between high antipepsin, antiulcer and anticoagulant activity and high molecular weight or sulfate content. The roles of monosaccharide content, chain shape or the type of glucosidic linkage were difficult to evaluate with the data at hand.Sulfated amylopectin (SN‐263) with high molecular weight and sulfate content along with a branched chain shape was found to be an active pepsin inhibitor with relatively low anticoagulant activity. Pepsin inhibition studies were carried out using both the hemoglobin and the RISA methods. Oral administration of SN‐263 to pyloric‐ligated rats has shown significant inhibition of gastric ulceration with reductions in proteolytic activity of the gastric juice. The volume of gastric juice or secretion of free and total acid were not significantly altered. SN‐263 also inhibited Δ1‐cortisol‐induced gastric ulceration in rats and histamine‐induced duodenal ulcers in guinea pigs. Reserpine‐induced ulceration in the rat was not significantly affected. SN‐263 possessed low anticoagulant activity both in vitro and when given i.v. to dogs. However, no effects on blood coagulation were found after large oral doses administered to normal dogs or to rats with previously induced ulcers. SN‐263 was nonanticholinergic and did not affect gastrointestinal propulsion, as measured by the charco

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50997.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50998.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb50999.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of oral administration of a synthetic sulfated polysaccharide, amylopectin sulfate (SN‐263), on gastric peptic activity was studied in 49 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. Five dose levels were studied: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 500 mg, and 800 mg. A significant depression of gastric peptic activity was observed after oral administration of 200 and 300 mg of SN‐263. This inhibitory action appeared within 15 min and lasted for 45 min. At higher dose levels of 500 and 800 mg, a longer duration of inhibition lasting for 75 min was observed. Oral administration of 100 mg of SN‐263 was ineffective as an anti‐peptic agent. SN‐263 had no effect on the acidities of the gastric contents.When 200 mg of SN‐263 was given at two‐hour intervals, the inhibitory effect of the second administration of SN‐263 on gastric pepsin concentration was similar to that of the first dose. There was no evidence of a cumulative action. The addition of an anticholinergic drug, propanthelie bromide, which will inhibit acid and pepsin secretions at their source, further enhanced the action of SN‐263 as an antipeptic agent. Since SN‐263 exerts no antacid or anticholinergic action, its inhibitory effect on peptic activity m

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb51000.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb51001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHistochemical methods specific for carbohydrate constituents distinguish a number of widely different entities in several types of gastric epithelial cells in the dog.The surface gastric epithelium reveals basophilia, indicating mucosubstances rich in both carboxyl groups (presumably sialic acid) and sulfate esters. The carboxyl‐type basophilia predominates in the superficial convolutions, and that attributed to sulfate is found in the foveolar walls. The strong reactivity with both the periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and the periodic acid‐para diamine (PAD) methods for vicinal‐hydroxyls indicates presence of hexose‐ or deoxyhexose‐rich mucosubstances in both of these areas. Susceptibility of basophilia to blockage by initial periodate‐meta diamine treatment points to presence of vicinal‐glycols in proximity of the acid groups in surface epithelium mucin. The surface epithelium in the pylorus differs slightly in that its secretion is less strongly basophilic.The mucous neck cells secrete an apparently neutral mucosubstance which differs from the surface epithelium in its lack of both PAD reactivity and basophilia. The parietal cells also form a diastase‐resistant, neutral, carbohydrate‐rich substance. The zymogen cells are abundant, deep in the glands of the cardiac portion and the body of the stomach, but less numerous in the intermediate zone. They contain apical granular secretion apparently rich in sulfated mucosubstances. Lack of reactivity toward vic‐glycol methods, resistance of alcianophilia or azurophilia to a previous periodate‐meta diamine sequence, and resistance of mixed diamine staining to previous periodate oxidation indicate absence of residues with unsubstituted adjacent hydroxyls (e.g., hexose or deoxyhexose), in this acid mucosubstance.The pyloric glands resemble mucous neck cells in their strong PAS staining and lack of PAD reactivity, but differ in that they show a weak staining i

ISSN:0077-8923    

DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb51002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY