摘要:

AbstractThe present study addressed the functional assessment and treatment of self‐injury in an 18‐year‐old resident within a pediatric, nursing‐care facility. During Phase 1 of the study, the rate of self‐injurious eye‐pressing was recorded when the client wore large protective mittens and conditions in which the mittens were absent in order to evaluate sensory reinforcing effects from the behavior. These results led to a program of sensory extinction combined with stimulus fading. The program featured the gradual reduction in the size of the mittens while rates of self‐injury were maintained at reduced levels. During postfading assessment, near‐zero rate

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360060502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was conducted with four subjects with multiple behavior problems (noncompliance, nonattending, and poor academic performance). The subjects ranged in age from 3‐years 1‐month to 5‐years 6‐months. Treatment occurred in a classroom setting using an interacting elements design counterbalanced across subjects. The results indicated the existence of behavioral covariations and treatment side‐effects. The implications of these findings for research on generalization effects and treatment approaches to children with multiple behavioral problems was

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360060503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study involves a program in which two groups of individuals with moderate mental retardation served as peer caregivers with two passive companions (trainees). The main question was whether each group would learn to plan and share daily activities with one trainee, increasing the trainee's activity level. Other questions were: (1) whether peer caregivers would enjoy working with the trainees; (2) whether the job of peer caregiver would occasion social/adaptive behaviors not usually observed in the peer caregivers' repertoire; and (3) whether staff would perceive program effects on peer caregivers' and trainees' behavior. Results showed that the groups of peer caregivers learned to perform independently and accurately, increasing and maintaining the activity of the trainees. Peer caregivers seemed to like (or at least not to mind) working with the trainees, and their job brought about social/adaptive behaviors not commonly seen in their repertoire. Staff ratings confirmed that the program had positive effects on trainees and peer caregivers. General implications of the findings are discussed.

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360060504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the strength of delusional beliefs during the modification of delusional verbalizations of a 51 year‐old chronically mentally ill inpatient. The changing‐criterion design was used to document the effectiveness of a behavioral treatment package to alter the rate of delusional responses to personal background questions. The results revealed a stepwise decline in the frequency of delusional responses. Generalization effects to novel interviewers were obtained. No changes were obtained on the subject's ratings of delusional beliefs, with the subject assigning ratings of absolute conviction to his beliefs throughout the duration of the st

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360060505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) and differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) have been effective techniques in reducing maladaptive behaviors in therapeutic settings. Reported studies of these reinforcement‐based procedures indicate that they are usually implemented in isolation, targeting only a single behavior or class of behaviors. In this study, multiple DRO and DRL contingencies were utilized concurrently in reducing two distinct classes of behaviors with a 26 year‐old blind man with moderate retardation. One class of behaviors included socially inappropriate verbalizations, while the other included aggressive, self‐injurious and environmentally destructive behaviors. Distinct contingencies were established according to the functions of the targeted behaviors and their severity and separate schedules of reinforcement were derived from baseline frequencies. Over a period of 20 months, the differential reinforcement interventions resulted in rapid reduction of behaviors in both classes to near‐zero rates and frequencies were maintained at this low level while contingency schedules were systematically lengthened. Collateral effects are discussed including performance in functional academics and participation in community integration act

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360060506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360060501

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY