摘要:

AbstractThis study used the changing‐criterion design to document the effectiveness of a behavioral training package to alter the topography of a complex behavior. In this case, bed‐making was established for a severely debilitated adult mental patient who was chronically institutionalized. Experimental control was demonstrated by a step‐wise progression in performance to the final target behavior. The changing‐criterion design provides an effective record of the shaping process and is sufficiently flexible for other single‐subject design elements to be

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability of two female and one male chronically institutionalized adult mental patients to comprehend and retain feedback on individualized problem behaviors and the effect of that feedback on changes in the occurrences of those behaviors were examined. Feedback on five problem behaviors was provided to each subject within a small therapy group setting employing a multiple baseline across subjects experimental design. Comprehension and retention tests occurred two, five, and seven days following the feedback in the small groups, while the rates of the occurrences of the problem behaviors were time‐sampled throughout the subjects' waking day via use of the Time‐Sample Behavioral Checklist (Paul, 1987). Results indicated that, although there were no changes in the rates of occurrence, these subjects were able to retain and understand the feedback on their problem behaviors. Implications for further investigations and for the utility of feedback with chronically institutionalized adults are discus

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite demonstrations of the utility and cost effectiveness of behavioral programming, such techniques are not commonly employed in psychiatric inpatient settings. Several explanations for this have been proposed, including inadequate levels of training and competence in behavioral programming among prevalent treatment staff. This study employed a multiple choice inventory to assess behavioral knowledge among subjects representing several direct care disciplines commonly found in inpatient psychiatric settings. The results support assertions of relatively low levels of behavioral knowledge among disciplines that are most prevalent in such settings. The implications of these results for initiatives to enhance behavioral knowledge and skills are discussed.

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReduction in medication levels of drugs used to suppress inappropriate behavior (chlorpromazine, thioridazine and haloperidol) resulted in increases in performance on a discrimination learning task for seven residents of a state institution who are mentally retarded. After training to criterion on a matching‐to‐sample task, these participants experienced reductions in medication in an N of 1 AB replication paradigm. Two controls were medication free, and one remained on a stable dosage throughout. Improvement of performance on the first dependent variable (number of trials needed to meet criterion) ranged from 13.8% to 53.3% for the seven participants, while the three controls improved less than 1%. Improvement of performance on the second dependent variable (percentage of correct responses) ranged from 2.7% to 19.7% for experimental subjects; five of the seven subjects exhibited a minimum improvement of 8%. The change in percentage of correct responses for the three controls ranged from −4.9 to 1.3. Treatment implications are disc

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImplicit in the development and use of the Conners' scales are the assumptions that the raters will agree upon their rating of hyperactivity regardless of a lack of operational defitions of items in such scales, and that the cut‐off score (1.5) for ADHD should be higher in cases where the rater has some familiarity with the clinical case. This study describes a method for the evaluation of both assumptions. Seven children were rated by nursing staff and school teachers using the Abbreviated Conners Teachers Rating Scale (ACTRS) daily. Observations were conducted during the 7 a.m.‐3 p.m. and 3 p.m.–7 p.m. shifts in order to provide two separate scores across raters. The results supported the assumption of agreement within (for example nurses' ratings during the 7 a.m.–3 p.m. period) and between (i.e. nurses' ratings versus teachers' ratings) settings. The results did not support the assumption of familiarity: scores during early observations were similar to the scores during later observations (when more familiarity with the clinical case is assumed). It was concluded that familiarity with the clinical case does not necessarily lead to higher scores (i.e. a better prediction of hyperactivity as a function of the rater's familiarity with the case) on the ACTRS. Agreements within and between observers could be a function of the raters' agreementin terms of usinga specific cut‐off point (i.e. 1.5) in their definition of a case as ‘hyperactive’, rather than the raters' agreement on reportingsimilar scoresacr

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a Geriatric Reinforcer Survey (GRS) which expands upon a previous Reinforcement Survey Schedule (RSS) developed by Cautela and Kastenbaum (1967). The GRS, an instrument designed to quickly assess reinforcer preference in geriatric populations, has two formats, one for individuals over 65 years of age who are still able to comprehend and write, and one designed to be filled out by relatives and staff familiar with an individual over 65 years of age who can no longer comprehend or write well. Reinforcer preference was determined by giving the GRS to a total of 107 geriatric persons in both home and institutional settings. Test‐retest reliability was assessed on a subsample of 71 individuals over a 10‐14‐day period and was found to bers= 0.608,p<0.01 using the Spearman Rank‐Order Correlation Coefficient. This indicated that the GRS had reasonable test‐retest reliability. The validity of having a relative or familiar staff person fill out the GRS for a specific individual was also tested. Results of 43 administrations of the GRS to relatives of a geriatric person, using the Spearman Rank‐Order Correlation Coefficient, showed a correlation ofrs= 0.488,p<0.01 when the responses of that person were compared to those of the individual. Results of 17 administrations of the GRS to staff familiar with a particular patient werers= 0.436,p<0.05 when compared to responses made by the individual. This indicates that the GRS might be useful in structuring interventions for individuals who are incapacitated, and groups of geriatric persons. The GRS also has the potential to be a valuable re

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComprehensive ecobehavioral assessment has tended to rely on elaborate statistical approaches to determine if relationships exist between a large number of environmental events and target behaviors. Although extensive ecological‐correlation analyses can provide important information about the individual's total environment, the elaborate statistical procedure required can also be very unwieldy for applied staff. As an alternative, minor modifications in the scatter plot technique, originally suggested by Touchetteet al. (1985), can provide similar information more efficiently while providing applied workers with direct visual contact with the data. Essentially, the technique involves constructing a series of transparent scatter plots, which can be overlaid, and from which important relationships can be readily detecte

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY