摘要:

AbstractThe present study assessed a computer‐aided system devised to promote unsupervised (household and occupational) activities requiring locomotion and orientation with four low‐functioning blind persons. The computer system controlled the presentation of object‐signals (i.e., prompts) and the opening‐closing of little gates leading to the areas where the activities had to be executed. To assess the effects of the computer‐aided program, subjects were also exposed to a control program in which no computer was used. The results indicated that the computer‐aided program was successful in promoting the performance of scheduled activities with all subjects. Their performance was maintained and also improved over time. The control program was unsuccessful with three of the subjects, whereas it showed moderately positive effects with the fourth one. The findings are discussed in terms of program components as well as in terms of cost a

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐seven institutionalized mentally retarded clients were given time‐limited intensive group training in fire evacuation skills. Clients were trained to independently exit their residence within 2.5 minutes of the onset of a fire alarm in drills conducted during both day and night and with one of multiple exits blocked or unblocked. Three weeks of training produced a substantial increase in the percentage of clients passing training drills, and clients continued to improve at three and six month follow‐up periods. Six months after training, 18 of these clients had been independently certified capable of self‐preservation. Apost‐hocanalysis of variables related to training outcome suggests that client choice of monetary reinforcers strongly predicted performance, while level of mental retardation, psychiatric diagnosis, and use of psychotropic medicatio

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine retarded or autistic persons exhibiting very serious self‐injury were treated with several types of reinforcement procedures in a comparative study. During the baseline level of instructional prompting, self‐injury occurred during 55% of the observation intervals, 57% during social extinction, 34% during differential reinforcement for non‐self‐injury (DRO), 28% during differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI), 25% during response interruption, and 6% during combined DRI‐Interruption. Extended application of the DRI‐Interruption procedure in the ward and class situations showed a mean level of 12% self‐injury on the first day and 0–10% each month for durations up to 48 months while performed by the regular institutional staff. The DRI‐Interruption procedure was more effective than the alternatives for most subjects and within 4% of the next most effective procedure for the others. The DRI‐Interruption procedure offers a training method that is fairly rapid, applicable to diverse and severe cases, substantial in the degree of benefit, enduring in effectiveness under extended maintenance, and more effective than the alternatives considered here. Its principal disadvantages appear to be the greater training time required as compared with physical punishment and the extensive manual contact required by the int

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article briefly describes the basic guidelines of inpatient treatment for eating disorder patients as elaborated at the University Psychiatric Center in Kortenberg, Belgium. It concerns a highly structured group treatment program of which the most important organizational elements are highlighted: multidimensionality with a maximum of integration; active participation of the patients within a group format; involvement of the family and contact with the outside world; intensification of an action‐oriented and time‐limited approach. The second part of the article is devoted to the discussion of evaluation issues from an economic, scientific, and ethical point of view. It is emphasized that critical research, inspired by these issues, must serve as feedback regarding both the form and the content, the process and the outcome of treatm

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360030201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY