摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the effects of objects, with and without social stimulus properties, on the behavior of children who are severely retarded, and compared such effects with behavior under conditions of minimal stimulation. It was found that these children approach, contact, grasp and interact significantly less often with objects which possess social stimulus properties than with objects which possess no social qualities. These results are discussed in relation to the ongoing debate on the importance of relationships in the reduction of challenging behavior. It is concluded that while having access to close‐bonded relationships may benecessaryfor the reduction of challenging behavior, in some cases at least, it may not besufficien

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360070402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn instructional program was implemented to increase an adult's repertoire of manual signlanguage skills. The participant was a 39‐year‐old male with mental retardation who had never demonstrated vocal speech. The program used modified incidental teaching strategies consisting of modeling, verbal prompts, physical guidance, positive reinforcement, and naturally occurring reinforcers within the participant's daily environment. The teaching program was implemented by eight direct care personnel who interacted with the participant and five other residents in a community living arrangement (CLA) on a daily basis. Results indicated that the participant learned to independently use manual signing during structured interactions and that the independent levels of responding were maintained for the duration of this study. Results are discussed regarding the potential benefits of teaching manual signs to nonvocal individu

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360070403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImprovements in adaptive behavior among adults with developmental disabilities often depends on the quality of instruction delivered by direct‐care staff. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted package for improving the quality of instructional interactions among three staff/adult dyads. Instructional interactions were first analyzed to identify areas for improvement. A multifaceted intervention package consisting of inservice training, participative management, and on‐going feedback was then implemented in a multiple‐baseline design across dyads. The package trained staff to increase their use of time delay and reinforcement strategies and these changes were associated with greater independence in a sandwich making task among two of the three participating adults. The results suggest direct observation of existing instructional interactions may provide valuable information when training staff to implement effective habilitative programs for adults with developmental disabil

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360070404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA statewide survey of moderate and severe behavior disorders in persons with mental retardation in institutional and community settings was conducted. Information on the treatment procedures used and the adequacy of available resources in both settings was also gathered. Results indicated that community staff had considerably less experience than institutional staff in dealing with serious behavior disorders exhibited by persons with substantial cognitive and physical impairments. The types of aberrant behaviors with the highest prevalence rates showed differences in the institutions and the community. The largest differences in prevalence rates for severe behavior disorders in the two settings occurred for aggressive and self‐injurious behaviors. Community staff thus had appreciably less experience than institutional staff in designing interventions for severe aggressive and self‐injurious behaviors. About half of the identified individuals in both settings received psychotropic medications. Institutional staff were most likely to use restrictive behavioral procedures than community staff. Findings indicated that the most restrictive procedures were used primarily with only certain severe behavior disorders. Subjective ratings of the overall effectiveness of interventions were lower by community than institutional staff. The usefulness of the obtained data base for statewide planning in the area of behavioral supports is discus

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360070405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present case study was an effort to determine the relative effectiveness of two variant treatment modalities, and to provide an exploratory study of the hypothesis that therapy with naltrexone might increase the effectiveness of an aversive stimulus in controlling self‐injury. Data are presented for a man who was treated for severe self‐injury with the Self‐Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (SIBIS) and naltrexone, conducted under open‐trial conditions utilizing fixed doses of 50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg per day. The effects of naltrexone on SIB were evaluated alone and paired with SIBIS. When used alone, lower dosages of naltrexone produced moderate decrements in self‐injury. However, the rate of SIB increased in a dose‐dependent manner when naltrexone was paired with SIBIS. The data also suggested that naltrexone may have caused a generalized blunting of both positive and nega

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360070406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360070401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY