摘要:

SUMMARYFrom a sample of UK joint ventures with partners from Western Europe, the USA and Japan, dimensions of parent control of the ventures are considered by way of a taxonomy based on the mechanisms, extent and focus of control. The origins of the mechanisms of control identified in the study indicate that UK parents have not been sufficiently responsible for providing the mechanisms to allow them to exercise a greater leverage of control than that obtained by the foreign partners. The origins of the mechanisms of control also indicate relatively little autonomy for the managements of the joint ventures. Evidence from the study supports the view that joint venture parents seek to focus their influence of control over particular decisions and activities of the venture, rather than attempting to extend their control over the whole venture. The study considers the mechanisms and focus of control across the characteristics of the sample: contractual form of the venture, relative equity shareholding of the UK parent, time period of formation, nationality of foreign partner, industry group of the venture and broad purpose of the venture. Chi‐squared tests show that there is little evidence of any systematic variation in the dimensions of control across the characteristics of the sample, the major exception to this being the relative equity shareholding of the UK parent

ISSN:1045-3172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8551.1995.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBehavioural, attitudinal, cognitive and personality traits factors have been recognized as the main determinants of intercultural effectiveness. This paper argues for the need to recognize the plausibility that expatriates having similar behavioural, attitudinal, cognitive and traits characteristics may vary significantly in their intercultural effectiveness. This is because some expatriates may be effective or ineffective by chance or birth (ascribed rather than achieved). Therefore expatriates' ‘socio‐biographical’ background, such as hisher ethnicity, age, nationality, educational qualification, profession (role) and religion, is noted as among the most significant factors that can impact on intercultural effectiveness. It is argued that these variables deserve serious attention given the diversity of expatriates from different national and ethnic backgr

ISSN:1045-3172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8551.1995.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDespite there being a considerable literature concerning risk in organizational buyer behaviour, necessary reviews of the area are not easy to find. This article attempts to organize, describe and appraise the current literature with a view to gaining a critical perspective for the benefit of future researchers. The discussion begins with the way managers view risk and factors which affect that perception and then considers the role of various risk reducing strategies employed in the organizational setting. Comments are made on the state of the literature and the further research required.

ISSN:1045-3172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8551.1995.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe corporate board is a common feature of both private sector and public sector enterprises. The roles undertaken by boards are therefore a significant area of interest for writers on organizations. This paper makes two contributions to the study of corporate hoards. First, it presents the results of an intensive study of the performance of the board of directors of a first wave National Health Service (NHS) Trust based on three sources of data: actors' accounts; minutes; and observation. This study concludes that the board has made only a marginal contribution to the governance of the Trust. Second, it provides a critique of the three methodological approaches which are available to researchers undertaking such studies and argues that most reported studies of boards are unreliable as they are based on only one, or at best two, of the three available sources of data.

ISSN:1045-3172    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8551.1995.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY