摘要:

SUMMARYThe production of queen cups, queen cells, worker brood and drone brood in a total of 81 colonies was recorded regularly throughout four summers. All these processes are shown to occur in annual cycles whose peaks were approximately synchronized. All colonies produced queen cups at some time during the summer, and the great majority of colonies possessed them by the end of June. The number of queen cups varied considerably in different colonies but tended to fluctuate with the amount of brood during the season. About half the total number of colonies produced occupied queen cells, but queen rearing was abortive in more than half of these colonies. Many queen cells and some virgin queens were destroyed by the bees. Of 25 colonies with sealed queen cells, 19 replaced their queens, 16 superseding and 3 swarming, and there was some evidence that older queens were more likely to be replaced than younger ones. No queen rearing took place in colonies with queens of the current year. No significant relationship was found between queen rearing and amounts of brood, although colonies with larger amounts of brood in May showed indications of an increased tendency to produce queen cells subsequently. Most supersedure was found to occur during the swarming season.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100115

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYInvestigations were made on 586 larvae of high and low survival rates; 363 of the latter were hatched in an incubator and transferred on royal jelly in queen cells in several rearing colonies. Of these, 55% reached the age of 5 days, giving 55% females and 45% diploid males. The efficiency of rearing young larvae was raised after it was found that the workers would rear several female larvae in one queen cell for several days; this was also possible with diploid drone larvae. Although no adult diploid drones were obtained, for the first time many diploid drone larvae were rearedin colonies, at least to the time of sealing.The fact that the larvae are on royal jelly in queen cells prevents their being eaten, and this suggests that some special substance governs the eating phenomenon. The results obtained make it possible to develop a method of rearing imago diploid drones in the colony.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100116

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYEarly reproductive development, as indicated by ovary volume and number of ovarioles, was examined in honeybee larvae reared in the colony and in the laboratory. In larvae reared in their natural environment, no morphological divergence in ovary development was observed during the three-day critical, bipotent period. After 84 hours ovary growth in the queen was very rapid, but that of the worker limited. In laboratory-reared larvae, ovary development was quite sensitive to alterations in the sugar and water-soluble acid concentrations of the diet. The effect of dietary changes varied with larval age. Changes in the various parameters of larval development induced by altering the diet—general body growth, and volume of the ovary and corpus allatum—were unco-ordinated, suggesting that dietary components in addition to those tested are involved in caste determination, but that no single factor is decisive. The role of the corpus allatum in mediating between diet and reproductive development remains undefined. The data are relevant to the question of chronological and physiological age in larvae removed from their natural environment.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100117

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBiometrical data were obtained for samples of Egyptian honeybee workers collected from 14 governorates in Egypt. Mean values were: tongue length 5·65±0·009 mm.; forewing length 8·36±0·007 mm. and width 2·84±0·003 mm.; cubital index 2·46±0·016; number of hooks on hind wing 21·10±0·001; first hind tarsal joint length 2·21±0·005 mm. and width 1·09±0·005 mm.; tomentum index 0·26±0·022; first wax-gland length 1·30±0·003 mm. and width 1·96±0·004 mm.Workers are smaller than those of European races, and show different colour characteristics. The worker abdomen is covered with greyish-white hairs, which also cover most of the rest of the body. This character is important since it can be used to indicate Egyptian ancestry in hybrid bees.The Egyptian honeybee in Egypt can be considered as a pure race.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100118

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWind direction and speed, and the distance of hives from wind-breaks, greatly affect the drifting of bees. Little drifting was found to occur when hives were within or near a windbreak, but much when they were 15 m. or more away. Entrance size had little or no effect on drifting. Bees drifted less between hives placed on a steep slope than between hives on level ground. There was no difference between the proportions of bees that drifted in May, June, July and August. More bees drifted from the centre hive of a row to the end than vice versa.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100119

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYAn abnormally high sucrose content was found in some samples of honey produced in Western Australia during the winter of 1964. To determine the origin, and possibly the cause of the abnormality, samples from combs and from storage drums were analysed. During the following winter, samples were collected from hives periodically. The cause of the high sucrose content was found to be a natural one, and not malpractice or bad beekeeping. The high-sucrose honey originated from nectar ofBanksia menziesii, withBanksia sphaerocarpaan additional source in limited areas. Ripe honey from the excellent flow from the former source in 1964 contained 8–12% sucrose; one sample ofB. sphaerocarpahoney had 20·5%. There was only a minor flow from theBanksiaspecies in 1965, and the sucrose content of the honey was between 4 and 9%. The sucrose content of unheated honey samples which had been held in store for a year declined to about half its original level.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100120

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBees of four species were collected throughout one summer on several homogeneous crops and on areas of mixed forage. Analysis of pollen from the proboscidial fossa showed that corbicular pollens alone do not give a reliable indication of the constancy of bees. The number of pollen species found in the corbiculae depended on the type of foraging area; this number varied between someBombusspecies; possible reasons for this are discussed.Evidence is given that pollen-gathering bees may collect only nectar from some flowers during one trip, and that bees may be less constant between than within trips. Some nectar gatherers carried pollen in their fossae, and may therefore be of some importance in pollination.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100121

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100122

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100123

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor