摘要:

SummaryThe weight, and the sugar and pollen-grain concentrations, of the honey-sac contents of worker bees caught on unsealed honey and on unsealed brood cells in 8 colonies were determined throughout two active seasons. Colony growth and daily nectar income were also recorded.The weight of the honey-sac contents was related positively to nectar flows, and was higher for workers caught on unsealed honey than for those caught on brood; the mean sugar concentrations were also higher in the workers on unsealed honey. Sugar concentrations were generally higher in the morning than in the afternoon; honey-sac weights were more variable. The honey-sac contents of workers caught on unsealed brood had a higher concentration of pollen grains than those of workers caught on unsealed honey, presumably because the former bees were supplying the brood with high-protein food.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099732

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAn investigation of the occurrence and behaviour of honeybees and bumble bees in field beans in 1969 and 1970 showed that the number and percentage of bees entering the mouths of the flowers (positive visits) was greatest in the afternoons. Early in the flowering period the majority of honeybees collected pollen, whereas later in the season they chiefly collected nectar from the extrafloral nectaries or from holes bitten in the calyx and corolla tube byB. terrestris(negative visits). Bumble bees worked more rapidly than honeybees when making positive flower visits, but were considerably less numerous than honeybees. The pollination value of different types of bee visit is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099733

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn the ventral part of the corpus cardiacum of the honeybee there are axons of the neurosecretory cells, the endings of which widen into little sacs and generally contain a great many granules and some synapses. Two axonal types which could be differentiated by the dimensions of their secretory granules are described. A third type was more difficult to distinguish.Glia cells are present. The ramifications from the gland wall form a“stroma”of intercellular spaces between the cells.In the dorsal part are two types of intrinsic secretion elements, in addition to axons of neurosecretory cells, glia cells, and the stroma of the intercellular spaces which is continuous with the gland wall. Evidence is presented that secretion from one type of intrinsic secretory cell is by a process of exocytosis. The present findings are illustrated with 25 photomicrographs (×6000−×60 000).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099734

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe ultrastructure of the corpora allata of the honeybee is described from the electron micrographs presented. The gland is composed of large uniform cells whose walls interdigitate. The nucleus contains various nucleoli, which are surrounded by dispersed associated chromatin fragments. The perikaryon is characterized by a large number of longitudinally striped mitochondria, a dispersed granular endoplasmic reticulum, isolated or grouped lysosomes, and several small vacuoles. There are numerous desmosomes on the cell membrane.The gland wall is an amorphous layer of connective tissue, which by means of extensive ramification forms a“stroma”of intercellular spaces between the glandular cells. In the neighbourhood of the gland wall or of large intercellular spaces there are sometimes local bladder-like widenings of the space between adjacent cell membranes; the function of these is not known.The axons of the nervus allatus lie over the entire gland interspersed between the cells. Sometimes they cross a part of the intercellular stroma, but generally they are in direct contact with the cell membranes.The corpora allata are closely attached to a bundle of striated muscle fibres. Between the glandular cells lies a finely branched net of tracheae and tracheoles.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099735

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA technique of rearing worker larvae in drone cells placed in a colony with a normal proportion of young bees and very few larvae is reported. It resulted in the production of queen-worker intermediates. Details are of the three types of adult produced (queen, worker, intermediate), as identified by (a) the size and shape of the abdomen, (b) the presence or absence of notching on the mandibles, (c) the presence or absence of corbiculae on the metathoracic legs, (d) the shape of the sting, (e) the number of ovarioles in the ovary, and (f) the extent of differentiation of the spermatheca. More larval food was placed by the nurse bees in drone cells containing worker larvae than in worker cells with worker larvae, and it is suggested than an abundance of food supplied to the larvae under the experimental conditions resulted in an abnormal production of intermediates.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099736

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySusceptibility of 3rd, 5th and 7th instars ofGalleria mellonellatoBacillus thuringiensiswas studied by feeding the larvae on artificially treated media. For the third instar, the LC50values 48 and 168 hours after treatment started were 9×108and 0·2×108viable spores/g medium, respectively, and the LC90value after 168 h was 30×108spores. The corresponding figures for the 5th instar were 108×6·6, 1·9 and 150, and for the 7th instar 108×9, 0·8 and 90 respectively. Surviving larvae fed on treated media were small and gave rise to undersized adults, greatest effects being produced by the higher concentrations on the youngest instars. When larvae (3rd–4th instar) were fed on pieces of comb dipped in different concentrations of Thuricide-HP suspension for 1 min, LC50was 108×32 and 0·12 viable spores/g suspension 48 h and 168 h after treatment began. When the combs were dipped for 3 min, LC50was 108×3 and 0–013 after 48 and 168 h, respectively.LC50and LC90for adult worker honeybees (age 1–2 days) fed Thuricide-HP mixed with candy were 108×120 and 260 viable spores/g candy after 48 h, and 108×60 and 30 after 168 h, respectively. Thus it seems that adult bees were not affected at the dosage which satisfactorily controlledG. niellonellalarvae.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099737

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThuricide-HP at low concentration (38×108viable spores/g wax comb) was found to protect comb foundation against wax moth.Bacillus thuringiensiswas easily impregnated in a viable condition in the wax foundation, where it remained viable for 18 months. It protected the combs against attack byGalleria mellonellalarvae without any observed ill effects on honeybees. The spore content of honey from the combs was very low, and it is considered most unlikely that it could be in any way harmful to humans.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099738

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryCounts were made ofApis cerana indicaforaging on cauliflower and barberry flowers at different distances from the hive, during April 1970 and 1971. The maximum foraging distance on cauliflower was 900 m and on barberry 1100 m. 75% of the foragers were counted within 400 m of the hive on cauliflower and within 600–700 m on barberry. The pattern of forager distribution on the large continuous area of cauliflower was more regular than on the scattered areas of wild barberry.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099739

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099740

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor