摘要:

SummaryWorker bees of an“aggressive”line (Brown) were more easily alerted to disturbance, and much more responsive to alarm substance, than those of a“gentle”line (Van Scoy). The sting apparatus of Brown workers contained about one-third more isopentyl acetate (IPA) than that of Van Scoy workers. Brown x Van Scoy hybrids responded to human breath and to measured amounts of IPA to the same extent as Van Scoy, leading to the conclusion that the gentle Van Scoy response is due to dominant heredity. Response of the hybrids to disturbance (removing the hive cover) was intermediate, indicating lack of dominance. Production of IPA in the hybrids was very variable, but on the average it resembled that in the Brown, and gave an indication of heterosis.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099783

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe copulation reflex of the drone honeybee was found to be a compound reflex consisting of two elements occurring synchronously:successive contractions of muscles of the seminal vesicles and mucus glands, which cause the semen and mucus to be extruded;contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall, which cause the endophallus to evert.In the intact drone not yet ready for copulation, the reflex is inhibited by the cephalic nervous system, most probably by the brain. The reflexogenous zone is the ventral side of the abdominal wall, and is more extensive than the“genital sensory field”described by Ruttner (1962). The motor centres for the abdominal contractions are located in abdominal ganglia 1–3. It is not yet established whether the innervation from the second thoracic ganglion also contributes to these contractions. The fourth abdominal ganglion is the only reflex centre for contractions of the accessory glands and vesicles.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099784

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMore honeybees foraged initially from colonies established on combs than from colonies established on sheets of foundation or on narrow starter-strips of foundation. The rates at which bees returned with pollen to colonies given comb and to those given foundation were not significantly different, but both were higher than those for colonies given starter strips. Brood production was the same in colonies with comb and foundation. During the experiments a strong nectar flow allowed rapid comb construction. Differences in foraging could not be shown to result from any stimulus from the old comb; they may have been due to differences in the number of bees required inside the hive as the colonies became established.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099785

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPrepupae and pupae in free-flying colonies, exposed by manual uncapping of their sealed cells, were either destroyed or recapped (and reared). The percentage destroyed was not influenced by the total number of cells uncapped (which was less than 200 on one side of a brood frame). The proportion of brood recapped or destroyed was variable in the same colony on different dates, between different colonies on the same date, and between colonies of different populations. The proportion of uncapped cell-occupants destroyed decreased as their age increased; it increased with the degree of pollen deprivation in the colony.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099786

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryLarvae ofNemognatha nitidula, N. lurida apicalisandN. nigripenniswere reared in the laboratory on a diet composed of pollen collected by honeybees, honey, demineralized water, and mould inhibitor. TV.nitidula, which proved to be the most adaptable of the species, was fed on media containing the following pollens:Solidago + Polygonum, Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus serótina, orTaraxacum officinale. The percentage of larvae surviving was greatest on the diet containingTaraxacumpollen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099787

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryColonies made up of 1·4 kg worker bees and a queen of known age were used to evaluate 4 protein rations and sugar syrup for stimulation of brood rearing; 100 of the 120 colonies had queens of known genetic constitution. A significant difference existed between the brood production on colonies fed one of the protein rations (3 forms of Wheast and 1 of mixed proteins) and colonies not so supplied. The most effective ration for stimulating brood rearing was Wheast in pellet form. Colonies with a queen of unknown genetic constitution, not bred or selected for high egg production, produced a similar amount of brood to colonies with a queen of known genetic constitution and reportedly bred for high egg production.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099788

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe wing hook number was examined in all three castes of the honeybee. The means for workers and drones were found to be independent; queens usually had about 15% fewer wing hooks than their sister workers. The variance for drones and queens was higher than that for workers. Drones produced in two drone-laying colonies gave a variance comparable to that for normal drones. The high variance found in the surveyed apiary prompted a selection experiment, but selection advances were small, because of inability to utilize the high between-line variance in two generations with open mating.The high variance for drones is interpreted as a genetic effect resulting from a lack of homeostasis that is characteristic of the haploid condition. The high variance for queens could be explained as a function of their shorter developmental period—involving activation, repression and timing of protein synthesis. Caste dimorphism is presented as completely analogous to sex dimorphism and, as such, lends strong support to the developmental theory of dosage compensation.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099789

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryOne sample of pollen (produced in British Columbia, Canada) caused American foul brood disease in a healthy honeybee colony to which it was fed. An aqueous filtrate from the pollen contained a large number of bacterial spores (>109per g pollen). The same pollen sample showed a proteolytic activity similar to that found in dried diseased larvae; it was also less attractive to foraging bees than was disease-free pollen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099790

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099791

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1974.11099792

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1974

数据来源: Taylor