摘要:

SUMMARYGerman bee breeders have tried to replace the autochthonous honey bee populationApis mellifera melliferawithA. m. carnica, a SE European race of honey bee, for more than 40 years. The latter race is believed to be more adapted to bee management. In a biometrical study of the honey bee population in lower Bavaria, samples of at least 20 workers per colony were taken from 91 apiaries in autumn 1990. The wing venation patterns of the bees were analysed using multivariate discriminant analysis, and the results were compared with those for 6 samples ofA. m. carnicaused for commercial breeding from Kirchhain and 7 samples of preservedA. m. melliferafrom Erlangen and Kulmbach dating back to 1911. The data indicate that, in spite of tremendous breeding efforts, the bees of this area form a hybrid type betweenA. m. carnicaandA. m. mellifera.Although land-based mating stations have thus failed to produce pure racial types in this area, it is considered that such stations are of value to practical honey bee breeding if used appropriately in open population selection schemes.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101234

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYMarked drone honey bees (Apis melliferaL.) of known age were introduced to queenright colonies of equal strength, in five different apiaries arranged in different patterns, in Manitoba, Canada. The extent of drone drifting was measured by counting marked drones in each colony. Most drones began drifting when 6–7 days old. The proportion of drones that drifted increased with age to a level of 50% at 15 days old. The proportion of drones older than 15 days that had drifted from the parent colony remained fairly constant (50–60%). Twenty one percent of the drones drifted more than once. Drones continued drifting after they had left their parent colonies, with the level of drift being fairly constant in all age groups of drones.At distances greater than 50 m, drone drift decreased with increased spacing between colonies. No drones drifted between colonies that were spaced more than 150 m apart unless other colonies were present at intermediate distances.Drone drift between hives with coloured entrances, offset entrances or laid out in horseshoe formations did not differ significantly from colonies arranged in straight rows. Drift between hives in a pair was significantly lower than that within rows of five hives, when drones were 7–10 and 14–16 days old. Drift from colonies at the ends of rows was not significantly different from drift from colonies in the middle of rows. There was no apparent tendency for drifting drones to collect in the colonies at both ends of a row. There was, however, a significant directional effect in which more drones drifted towards the south than towards the north, in west-facing rows. None of the apiary designs tested can be recommended for reducing drifting of drones in commercial apiaries.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101235

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA palynological analysis of 94 samples of honey from the province of Orense (north-west Spain) was conducted. The predominant taxa found wereCastanea sativa, Rubusspp.,Lotus corniculatusand Ericaceae. The honeys studied had a medium or high pollen content (Maurizio groups III and IV) and a high pollen richness (number of taxa). The combinationCastanea-Ru bus-Lotus-Adenocarpus-Campanulawas the most frequent, appearing in 94% of the honeys analysed. The presence ofAnarrhinum duriminiumhas not been reported for honeys from other Iberian provinces but was found in 76% of the samples from Orense.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101236

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSeveral laboratory techniques for detecting significant bacteria of diseased honey bees (Apis melliferaL.) were compared.Bacillus larvae, Bacillus alveiandBacillus laterosporusspores were easily differentiated in larval cadavers by their surface configuration as seen by scanning electron microscopy.Melissococcus plutonandAchromobacter eurydicevegetative cells were also distinguishable. Using this method, confirmation ofB. larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood, could be achieved In less than 48 h. The Incubation-heating procedure In nutrient broth or the incorporation of nalidixic acid In culture media were also satisfactory for the isolation ofB. larvaefrom samples with mixed bacterial spore populations.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101237

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYOver a period of three years, 256 samples of honey from the states of São Paulo and Paraná, southern Brazil, were characterized by pollen analysis. The honeys were classified asEucalyptus(54 samples),Citrus(49) and wild honey (153) according to information provided by beekeepers. Pollen types were compared with reference slides of pollens from plants flowering in the area. Pollens found in Sao Paulo honey includedPaspalum, Cecropia, SyagrusandCitrus, whereas pollens ofIlex, Campomanesia, AllophylusandMataybapredominated in Paranáhoney. The importance of some species, whose pollens may be under-represented in honey, as bee forage plants is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101238

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBee visits and the abundance of flowers of different plant species were recorded on a standard walk through UK farmland on 30 occasions in 1989 (the seasonal survey), and in dawn-to-dusk studies. Most of the species visited by bees were perennials. In the seasonal survey (a total of 1 221 bee visits), most visits were made by the long-tongued bumble bee,Bombus pascuorum(447) and by honey bees,Apis mellifera(321). Another long-tongued bumble bee,B. hortorum, was also abundant. The main forage plants important for both long-tongued bumble bee species comprised a seasonal succession of labiates:Lamium album, Stachys sylvaticaandBallota nigra.Plants visited by shorter-tongued bumble bees (B. terrestris/B. lucorum, B. pratorumandB. lapidarius), and honey bees, includedRubus fruticosusagg.,Cirsium vulgare, Epilobium hirsutum, Heracleum sphondyliumandBrassica napus, and probably other plants outside the survey area. Dawn-to-dusk studies showed that long-tongued bumble bee species were largely responsible for pollinating visits to field bean,Vicia faba, and thatB. pascuorumbegan foraging earlier and finished later In the day thanA. mellifera.Bee visits were unevenly distributed among the 18 sections of the farm walk in the seasonal survey. The sections that received most bumble bee (and honey bee) visits supported a seasonal succession of forage plants with abundantBallota nigraandR. fruticosusagg.,E. hirsutumandBrassica napus, andL. album, which was Important in early summer. Sections on gravel rather than clay soils and with a hedge and ditch received numerous bumble bee visits. The best sections were areas undisturbed by cultivation or grazing, in which perennials other thanUrtica dioicacould establish. Bumble bee forage could be improved by managing and extending field margins and other uncultivated areas on the farm.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101239

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYOf 25 varieties of canola (Brassica napus) tested for glucose, fructose and sucrose in their nectars, none had sucrose. The large amounts of glucose found, resulting in glucose: fructose (G: F) ratios of 0.95 or more in all but three varieties, indicated that resulting honeys would tend to granulate readily. The nectars of Alto (G: F, 0.83–0.91) and Am Can (G: F, 0.87) contained relatively less glucose. The nectar of Global also contained less glucose but its G: F ratio was more variable (0.82–0.99). Honeys from these three varieties would have a lower tendency to granulate.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101240

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe effectiveness of two acaricides, fluvalinate and flumethrin, againstVarroa jacobsoniwas tested in field colonies of honey bees containing sealed brood.The experiment was carried out with three groups of five hives containingApis mellifera mellifera.One group was treated with a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) strip containing 0.8 g of fluvalinate. A second group received two polyethylene strips each containing 3.6 mg of flumethrin. The third group served as a control and received no treatment. Treatment strips remained in hives for 28 days.Infestation rates in adult bees and brood were measured before and after the treatment, and the effectiveness was calculated as a percentage of the initial infestation. The effectiveness was higher than 95% for both acaricides, whereas the infestation rate increased in the control group.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101241

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYColonies of Cape honey bees (Apis mellifera capensis) were assessed for the effects of various queen states (queenless, with a virgin queen, with a mated queen, with access to the head and thorax of a queen, with access to the abdomen of a queen) on the development of laying workers. The effect of queenlessness on workers of different ages was also studied. The highest frequency of laying workers in the worker population (5%) occurred in queenless colonies, followed by virgin-queenright (2.5%) and mated-queenright (<1 %) colonies. The frequency of laying workers did not increase with longer periods of queenlessness; however, the younger the bees were on dequeening, the greater the ovarian development. Both the head and thorax or the abdomen of a queen partially inhibited ovarian development. Thus, with respect to queen suppression of worker ovarian development, the Cape honey bee differs from other races ofApis melliferaonly in degree, not in kind.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101242

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1991.11101243

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor