摘要:

SUMMARYTests conducted in Utah indicate that artificial vertical landmarks enable marked bees to find their way back to foraging locations in alfalfa fields. A higher density of foragers was also associated with nearby vertical landmarks. Foragers marked where there were no landmarks or only horizontal ones were seen again in smaller numbers.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100145

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSucrose, or starch, hydrolysed with mineral or organic acids is toxic for honeybees, whereas sucrose hydrolysed with invertase is not. The best-known products of the action of acids on hexoses, 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF), laevulinic acid and formic acid were similarly toxic to bees when fed to them, but only if more concentrated than in acid-hydrolysed sucrose. Neither the acids used to hydrolyse the carbohydrates, nor the salts formed by neutralizing them, were toxic, so unknown products of acid hydrolysis must cause most of the harm to bees. Heated honey or old honey was less suitable for bees than fresh honey or sucrose; their suitability was inversely correlated with the concentration in them of HMF, but this was too small to cause the harm observed. Evidently substances that are more toxic than HMF must accumulate along with it in heated honey; these may be similar to those in acid-hydrolysed carbohydrates. Bees fed acid-hydrolysed carbohydrates developed‘dysentery’before they died, possibly because essential solutes and water were lost from the body into the rectum, the contents of which were doubled, but only slightly diluted.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100146

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSeveral of the apiary layouts studied reduced drifting, and also allowed for easy colony management and the siting of many hives in a small area. The reduction in drifting is probably due to irregular arrangement of hives whose entrances face different directions. Drifting was significantly reduced with a V formation (close to a windbreak), and with a U or sigmoid formation, or sets of four hives (either close to or away from a windbreak), also with a circle layout (away from a windbreak). Sets of four hives with entrances facing inwards, in open field sites, gave rise to considerable drifting, but the bee populations usually remained balanced within the colonies. With a row of paired hives, drift was greater from centre colonies to end colonies than vice versa (as in a row of single hives); bees mainly drifted to hives on the same side of the pair as their parent hive. Data are also presented about drifting from colonies in a row of paired hives after uniting one pair.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100147

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFour sibling-mated queens producing brood in worker cells of which 50% survived were selected; controls were one unmated queen and one mated naturally at random. The number of chromosomes was investigated in eggs4–10 hours old.It was confirmed that the‘disappearing’larvae in worker cells from the sibling-mated queens were drones. Of eggs laid by these queens in drone cells 97·6% showed 16 chromosomes, whereas 32 chromosomes were found in 95·8% of eggs laid by the same queens in worker cells. So the sibling-mated queens producing brood of 50% survival rate lay eggs in worker cells which are virtually all fertilized, and the 50% of these larvae which are normally eaten by the workers, develop from fertilized eggs; they are males, but diploid in origin. Drones can thus develop not only from unfertilized but also from fertilized eggs.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100148

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThree methods were used to induce the followingBombusspecies to start colonies in captivity:B. nevadensis, B. rufocinctus, B. borealis, B. fervidus, B. terricola, B. perplexus, B. ternarius, B. vagans.The first method, in which waxed-paper containers were used, was tried only on queens which had not hibernated; although it was unsuitable for rearing colonies, queens ofB. rufocinctus, B. terricola, B. perplexusandB. ternariuslaid eggs. The other two methods were used only on queens captured in the spring. Successful results were obtained forB. terricolaandB. perplexus, and moderately successful results forB. rufocinctus, using upholsterer's cotton as nest material at room temperature. A method using no nest material, but maintaining the temperature at 29°C., was successful forB. terricolaandB. ternarius.No queens ofB. ferviduslaid eggs in any test but, of the small numbers ofB. nevadensis, B. borealisandB. vagansqueens tested, most reared colonies.Practical details of rearing the colonies are discussed; the presentation of fresh pollen seems particularly important.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100149

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThere have been earlier claims of the existence of a catalase in honey, but these were based on inconclusive experiments and inappropriate methods. In the present study, a correlation of manometric and spectrophotometric findings has provided the first unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of this enzyme in honey.An investigation of some of the kinetic properties of the honey catalase revealed apH optimum at 7–8·5 and a substrate concentration optimum at 0·018M. The Michaelis constant was 0.0154M. The effect of enzyme concentration on reaction velocity was linear. The reaction followed a first order, being dependent on the H2O2concentration.In honey, catalase apparently serves as a control on the H2O2equilibrium, thus regulating the activity of the honey glucose oxidase.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100150

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWhen foraging on large-flowered freesias, pollen-gathering honeybees were much more valuable pollinators than nectar gatherers, and their number could be increased by feeding their colonies with sugar syrup. When foraging on small-flowered freesias, bees collecting nectar also pollinated the flowers. Nectar gatherers and pollen gatherers spent similar amounts of time per flower visit. Bees did not discriminate betweenFreesiavarieties of different colours, and so readily cross-pollinated them. Foragers tended to be more numerous near their colonies than elsewhere in the glasshouses.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100151

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100152

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1966.11100153

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1966

数据来源: Taylor