摘要:

SummaryThe amount of nectar accumulating in inflorescences of defoliated and intact shoots of fireweed from which pollinators were excluded for a 14- to 16-h period was assayed by timing the visits of bees and recording the numbers of flowers visited. The day following a defoliation of c. 80% of leaf area, there was a 42% reduction in the mean time spent per flower by bees, relative to undamaged controls. No further reductions were evident,2, 3 or 5 days postdefoliation; defoliated shoots maintained a nectar secretion rate ofc.58% that of controls. Although under normal circumstances most photosynthate for nectar secretion is provided by adjacent leaves, these results suggest that the sink effect of open flowers is sufficient to mobilize the translocation of photosynthate from distant plant pans. Defoliated plants did not significantly reduce the numbers of flowers open until day 3 postdefoliation, and even then, there were no differences in the numbers of flowers visited by bees. Parallel fluctuations in flower quality appeared in both control and defoliated inflorescences across the experimental timeframe and presumably reflect variation in environmental factors that influenced the rate of nectar production and/or secretion.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101181

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA common Egyptian method of storing several queens in one bee colony, and caging them after instrumental insemination, was compared with a method recommended by the author. When queen cells were introduced into nuclei instead of virgin queens, the acceptance increased from 40–60% to 100%. Storage of virgins in a queen bank resulted in injuries to the queens, especially to their legs. When the storage period was shortened from 10 to 4 days after emergence, the percentage of non-injured queens increased from 46 to 100%. Legs of accepted, freely moving virgin queens were not injured. When queens were caged after instrumental insemination, only 1·8 million spermatozoa entered the spermatheca, but when newly inseminated queens were released, 5·1–5·2 million sperms entered. Thus a 2·8- to 2·9-fold increase was achieved.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101182

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA system for the effective laboratory diagnosis of European foulbrood and American foul brood is described. This system involves the preparation of brood smears in the field, followed by their submission to the laboratory where they are stained with 0·2% carbol fuchsin and examined for specific bacteria. The procedure provides an effective method of brood processing. It eliminates sample decomposition in transit to the laboratory and facilitates the efficient laboratory diagnosis of the bacterial brood diseases.Bacillus larvaeandBacillus alveispores, commonly encountered in diseased brood, are easily differentiated microscopically using this system.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101183

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTime was recorded in which brood cells were sealed in colonies infested withTropilaelaps clareae.The cells were opened at successive 4-h intervals, and bee brood developmental stage was determined as well as presence ofT. clareaefemales, eggs and developmental stages. The size ofT. clareaefemales was also recorded as a measure of their readiness to oviposit.The firstT. clareaeegg was found 48–52 h after scaling, in a cell with a prepupa; the first larva, 64–68 h; the first protonymph, 68–72h; and the first deutonymph, 88–92 h after sealing, respectively. The thickness of T.clareaefemales doubled from 0·3 mm for those moving freely on the combs up to 0·6 mm for females during the egg laying period. It is concluded thatT. clareaefemales do not lay eggs in brood cells before they are sealed, but 40 or 48 h after sealing. Both sexes ofT. clareaerun freely on comb surfaces.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101184

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryField trials on hives showed that cupric sulphate mixed at 0·25–1 g/1 with sucrose syrup yielded significant control (>70% mortality) of the parasitic mite,Varroa jacobsoni, in low or moderately infested areas, in spring-, autumn- and winter-feeding treatments. Pure sucrose may also exhibit a light effect (15–29% mortality). Syrups are freely ingested up to 0·35 g/1 and the uptake decreases at 0·5–1 g/1, with no uptake observed at higher concentrations. Only slight bee mortality (<0·1%) is observed at 1 g/1 (low volumes) or at 0·5 g/1 (large volumes). Copper residues in honey never significantly increased from natural levels, following total uptakes of up to 3g per hive, within 1 to 7 months delay.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101185

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA laboratory study was conducted to test the pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin, separately and in combination with piperonyl butoxide (PB) at ratios of 1 part insecticide to 4 and 9 parts PB. Foraging honeybees,Apis melliferaL., were exposed to treated filter paper to determine toxicity and synergistic effects between the binary mixtures. Mortality was recorded 48 h after treatment. Permethrin used alone was highly toxic to the bees. PB synergized permethrin at both ratios, increasing the efficacy of permethrin, 9-fold. Combinations of permethrin and PB may merit testing in field situations to determine the actual hazard to honeybees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101186

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe results of gas chromatagraphic analyses of the concentrated diethyl ether liquid-liquid extracts of 10 honey samples from a variety of floral sources are presented. The chemical composition was compared with the pollen composition and found to be related to the floral source. The gas chromatographic profile of honey extractives is proposed as a guide to the purity of unifloral honeys.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101187

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTen formulated agrochemicals and 11 non-pesticidal chemicals were tested for possible repellency to honeybees, by presenting them, dissolved in sucrose, at an artificial feeding station. Two insecticides, 7 fungicides and 4 non-pesticidal chemicals had a Repellency Index above 80%. The fungicides, Pallitop, Topas, Bayleton and Melprex, emerged as the most promising materials for use as honeybee repellents in apple orchards.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101188

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThis study assessed the role of two local wild bee populations (Apis mellifera melliferaL., Apidae, and the solitary beeAmegilla sapiens[Cockerell], Anthophoridae) in the pollination of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum(L.) Maton, Zingiberaceae) at two sites in highland Papua New Guinea in September and -10- 1987. Study of the foraging behaviour of both species indicated that although less abundant thanA. m. mellifera, A. sapienswas far more important as a pollinator than its relatively low numbers would suggest. Measurement of flight activity over the day of both species revealed that application of pesticides to cardamom crops should be carried out as late as possible in the day to minimise damage to pollinator populations.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101189

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11101190

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor