摘要:

SummaryA mutation conferring yellow eye-colour on bees was induced by prolonged application of60Co gamma radiation to small colonies ofApis mellifera adansonii.After segregation and allelism tests with other mutants, the new gene was shown to belong to the chartreuse series, and was named chartreuse-limão (chli).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100486

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe mutation chartreuse-limão (chli), conferring yellow eye-colour on honeybees, was induced by prolonged gamma radiation ofApis melliferawith60Co (Soares, 1975, 1980). In subsequent crosses involving this gene, workers appeared which were unable to use their stings, these being structurally abnormal. The new phenotype was called split-sting (sps). The character had a frequency of 3·5% in the population when first observed, but this was raised to 62·0% after a selection programme. New crosses are under way to try to increase the frequency of this character still further.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100487

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDiploid drones were produced from a sibling-mated queen ofA. cerana japonicaand reared in an incubator on royal jelly fromA. mellifera.The haploid chromosome complement ofA. cerana japonicaconsisted of 8 metacentrics and 8 submetacentrics. The 32 chromosomes of diploid drones are shown in a photomicrograph. Sex determination inA. c. japonicais similar to that inA. mellifera.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100488

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryOf 33 virgin queens mated to two of their brothers, 8, 16 and 9, respectively, produced brood of which 100%, 75% and 50% survived. Each queen was restricted to a single brood chamber by a queen excluder, and the 1979 season was unfavourable for colony development, so colonies did not reach their full summer potential. Similar brood areas were found in colonies of all groups in early spring and in autumn. In summer, colonies with brood of 50% and 75% survival respectively produced 67% and 81% of the brood area in the normal colonies, 63% and 85% of the worker population, and 75% and 87% of the surplus honey harvest, which was 13·3 kg in normal colonies. Of normal colonies, those headed by queens 2 years old produced 77·3% as much brood, 85·6% of the adult worker population, and 80·5% as much honey, as those with queens 1 year old. Differences between colonies with brood of 75% and 100% survival rates were, however, smaller for colonies with queens 2 years old than for those with queens 1 year old.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100489

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn a side-by-side test in Venezuela, 593 eggs from 7 Africanized queen honeybees and 355 eggs from 7 European queens (from USA) were kept in an incubator (35±1°C) without adult bees. Eggs from the two groups hatched after 69·6±1·06 h and 73·3±1·14 h, respectively (x±SD), indicating a basic physiological difference between development periods for eggs from the two populations.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100490

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMost feral swarms of Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera, South American ecotype) in Venezuela selected cavities with a volume of 80 litres as nest sites when presented with a choice of 10, 20, 40 and 80 litres. Agonistic behaviour between scout bees inspecting nest boxes was common, indicating that nest cavities were a limited resource for this population of feral honeybees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100491

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFirst instar honeybee larvae (60 per test) were rearedin vitrounder controlled conditions. The yield of adults was 70–80%, and 10% were queens if royal jelly was used, diluted 1:1 with water and supplemented with D-glucose and D-fructose (2·5 g in 40 g test food). Difco bacto-yeast extract (0·5 g) or charcoal-treated extract (1 g) were added to this basic food. At the same rate of survival, larval growth and queen determination were considerably increased (30% and 50% queens). The charcoal-treated yeast extract was separated by gel chromatography into a salt and an amino acid fraction. The salt component reduced the yield of adults to about 50%, but it increased larval growth rate and differentiation (20% queens). The amino acid fraction reduced the rate of survival to about 30%; growth rate and caste differentiation were below those with the basic food. Addition of both fractions gave the same result as addition of charcoal-treated yeast extract. The average gain in weight of 4th to 5th instar larvae was related to the degree of caste differentiation. For routine tests, use of a mixture of royal jelly, water, sugar and yeast extract yields more than 30% queens, at a survival rate from 1st instar worker larvae near 80%, under controlledin vitroconditions.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100492

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWe describe an artificial flower patch suitable for quantitative ecological studies of plant-pollinator interactions. The number of flowers visited per trip by honeybees foraging on the patch was negatively dependent on mean nectar yield per flower in a logarithmic relationship. The relationship held whether all flowers provided reward or some were empty. Individual foragers on a mixed-colour patch of flowers were constant to one colour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100493

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThin-layer chromatography of sugars in thoraces of honeybees (Apis mellifera) showed that well-fed bees from laboratory colonies contained twice as much glucose as those poisoned by insecticides, while starved bees had much smaller amounts of glucose than either of the above.This method has been used to analyse allegedly poisoned bees received from beekeepers and where no evidence of poisoning could be detected by standard tests. Some of these bees contained very low levels of thoracic glucose and this, together with other circumstantial evidence, indicated starvation as the cause of death.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100494

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDevelopment of an aseptic rearing technique for larvae of the leafcutting bee,Megachile rotundata(Fabricius), was necessitated by ongoing studies on the etiology of chalkbrood in this bee. The procedure involves rinsing the surface of the viable egg to remove or kill spores of the presumed causative agent,Ascosphaera aggregataSkou. Hatching and growth to the pupal stage occur in a sterile, provisioned well of a microtitration plate enclosed in a sterile sealable petri dish.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100495

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor