摘要:

SummaryA method is described of detecting substances by which worker honeybees distinguish a queen from a worker when they can touch her. It has been used successfully in all but one month of the year, is relatively quick, involves little handling of bees or damage to colonies, and is statistically reliable. The minimum amount of material that can be detected is about 0·1 queen equivalent in each of 16 replicates. Recognition could be elicited by extracts of queen heads, but was very difficult to detect with any of the acid substances hitherto identified in queen heads. The active substances are fairly stable in air at 100°C for 1 h, and probably in ethanol at room temperature for at least 16 years. They do not distil in still air at 60–100°C and atmospheric pressure. They are probably acid, and perhaps decay in air when made alkaline. Most of the active material is in the queen's head, but some is in her abdomen. Active material was recovered from the bodies of worker bees of a colony with a queen and brood, but the active material appeared to be associated more with the presence of the brood than with that of the queen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099976

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHexanoic acid, octanoic acid and (E)-oct-2-enoic acid have been identified in royal jelly and in extracts of honeybee worker mandibular glands and queen heads.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099977

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe numbers of queen cups and queen cells in standard colonies were monitored for 3 years. Most were found in the late spring. When queen cups and queen cells were received, the bees replaced them, the proportion varying over the season and being highest in spring and early summer. High numbers of queen cups and cells appear to be related to a high and increasing rate of brood rearing.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099978

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryLaying queens were tested in glass Y-tubes with one branch open and the other closed, under low intensity red light. In 360 comparable trials using 9 queens, 71% of the choices were for the open branch and 29% for the closed one, significantly different from a random distribution.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099979

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWorker pupae ofApis mellifera ligusticaandA. m. adansonii(330 of each) were dissected, and their ovaries excised. For each race, the mean number of ovarioles in the right and left ovaries were significantly different; in both, the left ovary had more ovarioles than the right. Significant differences were found between races, and between samples of the same race, for number of ovarioles in the right (and in the left) ovary, and in both together. In all groupings, the mean numbers of ovarioles were significantly greater inA. m. ligusticathan inA. m. adansonii.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099980

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMature spermatozoa of drone honeybees (Apis mellifera), obtained from seminal vesicles, were examined with an electron microscope by negative staining and by serial sectioning. The structure is described, and illustrated in photomicrographs.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099981

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFive generations of two-way selection for hoarding behaviour by young, caged bees in the laboratory resulted in a fast and a slow line. In the fifth generation of selection, worker bees from the colonies of the fast line took an average of 5 days to collect 20 ml of sugar syrup from a vial, whereas workers from colonies of the slow line required slightly over 14 days. The colonies of the second, fourth and fifth generations of the selected lines were tested for weight gains in the field. Fast-line colonies of the second generation gained more weight than slow-line colonies in three field tests. Fast and slow colonies of the fourth and fifth generations showed similar weight gains. Some possible explanations for this lack of consistent superiority of the fast line are presented.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099982

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryNo bee of either species collected mixed pollen on all foraging trips on the same day, or on each of the 5 days observed. Pollen availability decreased from morning to afternoon, and some pollen foragers of both species then changed to nectar collection, but they resumed collection of the original pollen next morning. The two species showed similar behaviour in pollen foraging, with minor differences.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099983

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn laboratory tests, two inbred lines of honeybees (Apis mellifera) different in colony defensive behaviour were shown to differ in their initial general activity level, the time to react to isopentyl acetate, and the initial intensity of the reaction. Evaluation of an F1and backcrosses to both lines indicated that a more responsive phenotype was dominant to a less responsive phenotype in all three characteristics. The degree of dominance for time to react was estimated as 0·502 and the heritability as 0·681. It was estimated that 2 or 3 loci controlled each of the three components of behaviour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099984

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPollen analysis of nectar shaken from combs, and changes in hive weight, were used to identify floral honey sources. This method identified the sources more completely than examination of honey at the end of the season.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099985

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor