摘要:

SummaryThe kinetic properties (i.e maximum velocityVm, dissociation constantKh, and Hill coefficienth) of theα-glucosidase complex of honeybee haemolymph have been studied in adult workers, from emergence to day 16, under continuous feeding with 2-M sucrose, alone or with the addition of 1·6-mM chloramphenicol as an inhibitor of protein synthesis (IPS). In the absence of IPS,Vmgradually increases to reach 40 times the initial value by day 16, with a trough of 8–12 times the initial value at days 9–12. In the presence of IPS,Vmvalues are consistently depressed by a factor increasing from 1·2 at day 2 to 3·6 at day 16. The constantKhis essentially unaffected both by time and by IPS treatment, while the Hill coefficient remains close to 1 or slightly lower with minor exceptions. These data suggest a true induction mechanism via the synthesis of new enzyme molecules, together with the possibility of modifications in the mode of aggregation of enzyme protomers.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101217

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryNewly emerged worker honeybees (Apis melliferaL.) aged less than 24 h were placed into queen less cages and given a section of empty drone comb and unlimited supplies of honey, water and pollen. Cages were kept in an incubator at 34±1°C. Workers treated with a 15-min exposure to CO2, at 0–3 days of age produced significantly fewer eggs than controls that received no CO2;. Workers in queenless cages for 4–6 days before CO2narcosis had egg production equal LO that of controls. Thus CO2, had no apparent effect after the workers had been queenless for 4 days. In a second study, 5 untreated workers shared cages with 25 sisters that had been treated with three 15-min doses of CO2. Association with the treated workers retarded ovary development of the untreated cagemates when compared to sister bees in identical cages that contained no bees given CO2, Cages with treated workers consumed only 17% as much pollen as controls. So low pollen consumption may have reduced the total amount of protein that was available and shared within the caged population. Since oogenesis requires protein, a lack of protein may have retarded ovary development.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101218

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to determine the possible interrelationship between 2-heptanone production and brood development, nectar and pollen gathering, defensiveness (number of attacking bees and number of stings left in a‘test’ball), temperature and relative air humidity. It was found that 2-H production showed a strong correlation with brood area and it was negatively correlated with number of stings left in a‘test’ball. The other factors were not related to 2-H concentration.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101219

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe pheromone, 2-heptanone, (2-H) was quantified in bee workers of different age, and in three groups of unknown age, each performing a given task in the hive. Africanized (AHB) and European (EHB) honeybee colonies were studied. Younger bees produced no 2-H or produced it at levels undetectable by the apparatus used. 2-H production increased with age. The amount did not differ significantly between AHB and EHB colonies. Foragers with pollen showed a higher 2-H concentration than foragers without pollen and guard bees. 2-H in AHB foragers with pollen differed significantly from that in EHB foragers.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101220

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHoneybee (Apis mellifera ligusticaSpinola) pollen pellets were trapped weekly from September to May in a high country area inland from Christchurch, New Zealand. The major pollen types identified wereDiscaria toumatou, Taraxacum-type, Trifolium repensandCoprosmasp. Unmodified high country appears to have adequate spring pollen sources but there may be a dearth of forage sources in the late summer and autumn ifTaraxacum-type s and thistles are not present. Indigenous anemophilous sources supplied over 80% of the pollen during the first two months in spring but very little through the rest of the year. Introduced entomophilous species were virtually the sole source over the last five months. Honeybees collected no pollen on six of the 38 observation dates due to adverse weather.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101221

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryEight ventilation methods were tested during confinement of 108 honeybee colonies for 1·5 or 3 days. These methods were: (1) ventilation bottom board on hive stand (VBBs), (2) ventilation bottom board on ground (VBBg), (3) honey section super with top wire screen (HSSt) or (4) with bottom wire screen (HSSb), (5) empty Langstroth box with top (ELBb) or (6) bottom wire screen (ELBb), (7) wire screen cage (ASWc) and (8) two sides wire screen cage (TSWc).Differences associated with regulating the internal temperature appeared significant between the methods using HSSt and ELBt compared with ASWc, although temperature remained within the optimum range (34·5-36·2°C), The average water consumption ranged from 0·383 to 0·666 1/col. and the number of dead bees ranged from 42·82 to 367·75 bees/col. Highly significant differences were found in the number of dead bees and water consumption between weak and strong colonics throughout the periods of confinement. The tested ventilation methods could be ranked according to their effectiveness during confinement as follows: VBBs, VBBg, HSSt, Elbt, TSWe, ASWc, HSSb and ELBb.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101222

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWhen spores ofNosema apismatured, the epithelial cells became distended and were shed into the lumen of the midgut. Non-infected cells were also shed into the lumen. The infected cells contained lysosomes and the cytoplasm was extensively lysed. The non-infected cells contained lysosomes, zymogen granules, multivesicular bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Newly shed cells were intact, with microvilli attached. In the lumen, the microvilli, the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm were lysed. Mature spores ofN. apiswere then released into the midgut lumen. The mechanism of releasing spores from the lysed epithelial cells is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101223

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryOntogenesis ofEuvarroa sinhaiD.&B., a parasite ofApis floreaF., onA. melliferadrone brood was observed at 24-h intervals. Ontogenesis lasted 5 days in the male and 6–7 in the femaleEuvarroa.Fertile females used once in the experiment produced 1–9 offspring with a mean of 5·14±2–26/cell. The actual and potential reproduction rates of theEuvarroamite onA. melliferadrone brood were 4·89 and 5·14, respectively.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101224

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThree semi-artificial diets forScaptotrigona depiliswere devised and tested for use during times of pollen shortage. Diet 1 consisted of brewer's yeast and 50% sucrose. Diet 2 consisting of 20 g brewer's yeast, 1·5 g pollen from the colony, and 30 ml 50% commercial sucrose was allowed to ferment for 15 days at 28 to 30°C. Diet 3 was the same as Diet 2 but was not allowed to ferment. A control group received pollen from the colony and 50% commercial sucrose.Based on analysis of hypopharyngeal gland acini and on oocyte size, Diet 2 appeared to be a good substitute for the natural food of the species.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101225

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101226

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor