摘要:

SummaryThe distribution of male and female tissue in 25 cuticular structures was recorded for 1555 adult honeybee gynandromorphs derived from 8 queens. Using the gynandromorph data, distances between structures on the blastoderm were calculated with a FORTRAN programme. The distances thus obtained were used in a BASIC programme to construct a detailed fate map showing the location of 24 structures. The distances between structures on the map fitted the gynandromorphic data well. The fate map was consistent with previously published maps for the honeybee,DrosophilaandHabrobracon juglandis.Distances between structures on the blastoderm were not influenced by either the queen producing the gynandromorphs or the frequency of gynandromorphs in a queen's progeny. The median ocellus appeared to be a complex, interacting focus mapping at the site of the lateral ocellus with male bilaterally domineering.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100562

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMorphometric studies were made on samples of workers of the Indian honeybee (Apis cerano indicaF.) collected from various localities in the Himachal and Kashmir regions of India. Significant differences with locality were found in length of postmentum, pedicel, flagellum and antenna in the Himachal region but only in length of postmentum in Kashmir. Values for the above morphological characters were significantly higher for the mountainous (elevation>1800 m) than for the submountainous zone. In bees of Himachal, 5 characters—length of postmentum, scape, pedicel, flagellum and antenna—showed a low but statistically significant positive correlation with altitude, whereas in Kashmir only the total antennal length was correlated with altitude. Both length of flagellum and overall antennal length were significantly greater in Kashmiri bees. Tongue length did not differ significantly between the 2 regions; it is suggested that this character may be more closely related to floral morphology than to altitude.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100563

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryForaging honeybees visiting artificial flowers deposited on them a substance that attracted other foragers. As the substance was deposited even in the presence of a synthetic or a natural scent, and on rose petals, it is probably deposited on natural flowers. Unrewarding artificial flowers visited by foragers sometimes deterred other foragers and were therefore probably marked with a repellent.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100564

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryEarlier work had demonstrated that in mixed plantings of Delicious and Golden Delicious apple (Malus domesticusBorkh), the flower structure of Delicious influenced the foraging behaviour of honeybees on Golden Delicious flowers, thereby reducing pollination efficiency. In an orchard composed of Golden Delicious alone, the‘sideworking’foraging behaviour observed in mixed plantings was not observed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100565

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryBees foraging on Brussels sproutBrassica oleraceoL. plants grown for hybrid seed usually preferred to visit one cultivar, but not to the exclusion of the other. Sometimes honeybees and bumble bees discriminated almost completely between the cultivars present, even on a caged plot. The need is stressed for growers to use cultivars between which bees do not discriminate.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100566

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryExtensive and rapid food transfer occurred between colonies of honeybees when 2 colonies were confined in each of 3 outdoor flight cages. Using visually distinct genotypes (cordovan and Caucasian) we could distinguish between worker bees of the 2 colonies within each cage. One colony in each cage was fed with syrup containing rhodamine dye. In samples of bees taken from clusters outside the hives after 24 h of treatment, dye was found in the digestive tract of 27–56% of workers from the untreated colonies; after 48 h it was present in 53–74%. Of all worker bees sampled from inside the untreated colonies, 45% contained dye after 68 h. Cells in all combs from untreated colonies had a deposit of dye, and food surrounding the larvae was also dyed. After 5 days only 0·5–3·6% of the worker bees in untreated colonies had drifted there from treated colonies; 11 out of 1200 bees were observed entering the wrong hive. Although 93% of the drifted bees had dye in the digestive tract, drift was much less frequent than food sharing between clustered bees. Therefore, the primary source of transfer of dye between colonies was food sharing by bees clustered in the flight cages and not from bees drifting between colonies. Based on these data, we recommended that, in studies using honeybees in outdoor flight cages, only 1 colony be placed in each cage.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100567

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMeans and frequency distributions of hypopharyngeal gland weights were compared in worker honeybees taken from the hive entrance and from central brood frames subjected to shaking or displacement. In samples of 360 bees derived from 4 colonies, the mean hypopharyngeal gland weight per bee was 5·08±0·6 mg (hive entrance), 8·50±0·24 mg and 9·94±0·55 mg (central brood frames, before and after shaking). The difference between the overall means before and after shaking was shown to be significant (P<0·002) byt-test of the differences between the before and after means for the individual trials. Of the bees on unshaken combs, 24% had glands<5 mg and 50% of these were displaced by shaking.Displacement procedures gave better selection for large hypopharyngeal glands than shaking. In samples of 180 bees derived from 3 colonies, the mean hypopharyngeal gland weight per bee was 11·71±0·27 mg after 24 h displacement to a nucleus box and 11·57±0·25 after 24 h displacement to a brood box with its own flight entrance, placed over a perforated zinc screen on the parent colony. The displacement procedure using a screened brood box was considered to be the best method for isolating bees with gland weights in the range of 6–20 mg.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100568

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAnaesthesia of honeybees by smoke from burning African puffballLangermannia wahlbergiLycoperdales: Lycoperdaceae is due in part to hydrogen sulphide, one of the products of pyrolysis, though hydrogen cyanide and other unidentified substances may act along with the hydrogen sulphide. Hydrogen sulphide is also produced during the pyrolysis of human hair and was shown to be the principal agent responsible for the anaesthesia of honeybees. Preliminary studies using human hair or chicken feathers as a source of smoke indicate that its use to anaesthetize bees does not shorten their lives.Properly used, human hair or chicken feathers might enable tropical African beekeepers to anaesthetize their bees when harvesting honey.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100569

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHiving queenless package honeybees increased bee losses significantly, as did storage of packages at high temperatures (24°C) for 48 h under either light or dark conditions. However, there were no significant differences in bee losses after hiving between packages containing 0·9 or 1·8 kg bees, between packages that were shaken or not shaken at hiving (in the evening), or between packages stored under light or dark conditions, at 14°or at 24°.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100570

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryGroups of newly emerged worker honeybees in cages uncapped 40 freeze-killed brood cells significantly faster than 40 live brood cells. Also, workers in cages containing both 20 live brood cells and 20 freeze-killed brood cells uncapped the dead brood significantly faster than the live brood. These findings indicate that the behaviour in laboratory cages is analogous to the colony behaviour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100571

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor