摘要:

SummaryThe relationship between queen weight, queen attractiveness, sealed brood area, and colony honey production were investigated. Queens' attractiveness to workers varied greatly, but was not correlated with any of the other measured parameters. Queen weight, 18 hours after removal from mating nuclei, averaged 214·4 mg and decreased to 207·9 mg after 8 days of storage and transit. At the peak of the honey flow the average queen weight had increased to 292·9 mg. Honey production was correlated positively both with sealed brood area and with queen weight after removal from the mating nuclei. A practical method of eliminating some of the less productive queens would be to remove them from the mating nuclei, when about 12 days old, and discard the lightest 15–25%.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100589

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPossible pheromonal components identified from the sting apparatus, mandibular gland and Nasonov gland of worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) were tested in an attempt to elucidate their function. Other chemicals known to affect behaviour were also tested. The components iso-pentyl acetate and n-octyl acetate from the sting, and 2-heptanone from the mandibular glands, repelled bees and diminished Nasonov gland exposure (scenting); 1-pentanol and (Z)-ll-eicosen-1-ol from the sting diminished scenting; iso-pentyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, 2- nonanoyl and 1-pentanol, all from the sting, and 2-heptanone, released stinging. The alarm pheromones 2-heptanol and 3-octanone (from certain stingless bees and ants) inhibited scenting, and the former also repelled bees and released aggression. The chemicals iso-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate and n-pentyl acetate diminished scenting, and the insect repellents dimethyl phthalate and diethyl toluamide diminished stinging. Many of the chemicals from the honeybee sting apparatus failed to elicit a response, and their function remains unknown.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100590

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySynthetic Nasonov pheromone lures that attract honeybee (Apis mellifera) swarms also stimulated bees to consume water, pollen substitute and sucrose syrup offered inside their hives, and water and sucrose syrup provided in the field. The possible value of this to beekeeping is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100591

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effects were assessed of the presence of a queen, and of beeswax foundation, and of feeding honey, sucrose solution, or a honey and pollen mixture, on the production of wax by worker honeybees of European and tropical African origin during a 7-day confinement in laboratory cages. The European bees produced significantly more wax than the African bees did, but the two kinds of bees could not be shown to differ in their responses to the various treatments, although experiments on a larger scale might do so. Queenless bees in cages produced significantly less wax than did those with queens; variation in wax production among the queenless treatments was not significant.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100592

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA procedure is described for estimating numbers of capped brood cells by double sampling combined with linear regression. A complete census of capped brood cells is better than an estimate, provided it is possible to count all brood cells directly or from photographs of brood frames. The double sampling technique, however, has the advantage of enabling data to be collected more quickly and at a lower cost than for a complete count. It also provides an estimate of the approximate variability associated with brood estimates and a mechanism for correcting biases associated with different investigators or with estimates by the same individual at different times or under different conditions. The technique is easy to apply in the field and involves minimal disturbance to the colony. A disadvantage is that the calculations associated with estimates of brood area are more arduous, estimates of variability are approximate, and brood estimates may be biased if the data are too few. All calculations can be easily adapted to a programmable calculator or small computer. Linear calibration, an alternative to the use of double sampling, is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100593

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySmall colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) were fed for 6 weeks on diets of protein concentration increasing from 5% to 30%, using soya flours and a Torula yeast product, the commonly available pollen substitutes. Either honey or sucrose was used in formulating the diets; sucrose enhanced protein utilization. While no statistical difference was found in brood production at different protein levels, the 5% level of protein may not be as good as the others. All tested supplements and pollen gave the same efficiency of protein utilization at all concentrations. The Torula yeast product sustained brood-rearing longer than the soy flours. Addition of proteolytic enzymes to soya-flour diets had no effect on protein utilization. Colonies fed pollen raised more brood than those fed the test diets, and on the average produced populations about twice as large.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100594

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDistribution of semen in the spermatheca of the queen honeybee (Apis mellifera comica) was determined by using genetic markers (cd, pe, di). With washing and centrifugation the semen was mixed homogeneously. If the semen was not treated the distribution was not homogeneous, and sperms of each mutant fertilized the eggs laid by the queen at constant frequencies.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100595

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryResponses of groups of worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) to bees afflicted with chronic bee paralysis, intruder bees and hivemates were compared. A test bee was introduced into a wooden cage containing 30 workers. The responses of the caged workers to the test bee were monitored for 3 min. This procedure was repeated on 5 afternoons with newly populated cages and 10 fresh test bees of each type for a total of 50 bees with paralysis, 50 intruders and 50 hivemates. Laboratory temperature was maintained at about 24·4°C. The type of response was the same for each class of test bee: (1) antennal investigation followed by (2) attacks which consisted of mild nudging, nibbling and pulling of body hair, and seizing an appendage and pulling. When an attacked bee attempted to escape, attacks appeared to become more severe. Bees with paralysis received a significantly greater response from caged bees than either hivemates or intruders on the basis of number of investigations, seconds until attack, number of attacks, seconds under attack, and maximum number of simultaneous attackers. Other investigators have proposed that the honeybee may possess a single pattern of non-stinging aggressive behaviour which is elicited by several different stimuli. This study supports their proposal.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100596

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA technique for the production of specific antisera to sac brood virus (SBV), chronic bee paralysis virus(CBPV) and Kashmir bee virus (KBV) is described. Antisera suitable for gel-diffusion precipitin tests were prepared against SBV, CBPV and KBV by immunizing rabbits with specific agar gel immune precipitates. These precipitates were produced in gel-diffusion precipitin tests using partially purified viral extracts and reference antisera.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100597

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIt was observed that honeybees (Apis mellifera) frequently mixed pollen species in their corbicular pollen loads even when little competitive bloom was available. From the time the bees collected it, pollen was stored without visible evidence of damage or digestion of the grain walls; even the osmotic potential of the pollen membrane in the stored pollen (bee bread) was retained. Growth of fungi was inhibited in the stored pollen, but some other microorganisms multiplied.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100598

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor