摘要:

SUMMARYA comparison of the structure of the cervical lobes of the drone honey bee endophallus in 5 species ofApis, using scanning electron microscopy, provided evidence of reproductive isolation in the genus. Structural similarities suggest three evolutionary groups: (1)A. melliferaandA. cerana; (2)A. floreaandA. andreni-formis; (3)A. dorsata. A. dorsatais separate but closely related to group (1).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100851

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA strain ofBacillus larvaewhich formed orange pigmented colonies was isolated and described from regions in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography revealed no differences between isolates of pigment-forming (pigmenting) and standard (without any ability to form pigment)B. larvae.A close relationship withB. pulvifaciensand substantial differences fromB. alveiandB. laterosporuswere found. Phage sensitivity, plasmid DNA presence and spore morphology supported the conclusion that the two types ofB. larvaeshould be considered as one species.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100852

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYEnvironmental and genotypic influences on components of an individual honey bee's defensive behaviour have proven difficult to quantify, partly because of the methods employed in their measurement. Readiness to sting, a component of defensive behaviour, was quantified in a laboratory assay of individual worker honey bees from two colonies (one gentle, one defensive) by measuring their response thresholds to electrical stimulation which elicited stinging. At all ages, workers from the gentle colony had a higher response threshold, and therefore stung less readily, than workers from the defensive colony. Assaying of bees which had emerged in an incubator and which were then home-fostered into their natal colony or cross-fostered into the other colony allowed the relative importance of self-genotype and within-colony environment on stinging behaviour to be measured. Cross-fostered bees completely modified their readiness to sting to that of the majority of the bees in their host colony; the expression of self-genotype was masked by within-colony environment, which was all-important in dictating stinging behaviour. The response threshold varied with age and was at a minimum around 20 days of age, probably corresponding with the age of guarding and defence tasks prior to and overlapping with the initiation of foraging. Modification of an individual's defensive behaviour by within-colony environment and its change with age should be incorporated into models of colony defence.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100853

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTen honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) colonies were treated with the acaricide cymiazole hydrochloride (Apitol) at the dose recommended for controllingVarroa jacobsoni: 2 g Apitol (17.5% a.i.) in 100 ml of 20% sugar syrup sprinkled on to the combs of each colony. Samples of honey and dead honey bees were collected for up to 112 and 15 days respectively after treatment and analysed using a liquid Chromatograph. Cymiazole residues in unsealed honey decreased from an average of 2.45 ppm 1 day after treatment to 0.14 ppm 112 days after treatment: in bees residues were 84.12 ppm after 1 day but decreased quickly and were 0.07 ppm after 15 days. The results suggest that honey bees can rapidly degrade this compound, but that levels higher than the permitted 0.01 ppm (in Italy) can easily occur in honey from treated colonies.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100854

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYObservation hives were used to study queen and worker interactions in two-queen honey bee colonies after removal of queen excluders. Aggression between queens involving stinging attacks was the principal mechanism of queen elimination. Workers were not aggressive towards queens. Queens appeared to recognize other queens only at short distances (<3.5 cm), or upon direct contact. Characteristic fighting postures and general fighting patterns were identified. Younger queens survived most aggressive encounters (86%). Aggressive encounters between queens did not always result in the death of a rival queen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100855

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYDNA isolated from each of 20Bacillus larvaeisolates of geographically diverse origin (17 from Australia, one each from Fiji, Mexico and New Zealand) and cultured on brain heart infusion agar was digested with a range of restriction endonucleases. Based upon the degree of similarity in restriction endonuclease fragment patterns (REFP) produced by the restriction endonucleaseCfoI, five clonal types ofB. larvaewere identified. REFP were resolved on 3.5% Polyacrylamide gels and visualized by silver staining. All the isolates showed many similarities in their REFP, however, those isolates cultured from geographically localized regions showed the greatest similarity. The superior resolving capabilities of polyacrylamide enabled these isolates to be further sub-typed according to minor variations in REFP.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100856

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo cDNA clones designated pRJP57–1 and pRJP57–2 which code for related polypeptides of major royal jelly protein were identified from theλUni-ZAP XR library of nurse honey bee head cDNA. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNA inserts show a 70.2% identity. From the open reading frames of pRJP57–1 and pRJP57–2 the amino acid sequences for polypeptides of 467 and 464 amino acid residues were derived, showing an identity of 56.6%. No significant homology with hitherto known proteins was observed. Both proteins contain N-glycosylation sites, phosphorylation sites for three types of protein kinases and almost identical signal peptides. Northern analysis showed that total mRNA contains a high proportion of RJP57–1 and RJP57–2 mRNAs (8% and 2% respectively).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100857

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYAbout 1200 pmol of an Africanized honey bee specific protein, known as AMP–2, was successfully isolated from the thoraces of 90 Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Mexico. This protein has a molecular weight of about 48 kDa and an isoelectric point of about 5.7. Preliminary characterization of this protein by amino acid analysis suggested that it contains 16 amino acids, yielding about 432 residues.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100858

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe contact and oral acute toxicity of technical dimethoate to worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) was determined between May and October for 12 consecutive years, 1981–1992 (63 contact tests and 62 oral tests), using standard laboratory methods. The 24-h LD50values ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 (mean 0.16)μg a.i./bee for contact toxicity, and from 0.11 to 0.33 (mean 0.18)μg a.i./bee for oral toxicity. The 48-h LD50values were similar to the 24-h ones, indicating that there were no delayed toxic effects. There were no significant seasonal trends in contact or oral toxicity nor were there any consistent trends over the 12-year period. A comparison of British bees with a strain of New Zealand bees indicated that variability between individual colonies was greater than between the two strains. Published results from studies carried out elsewhere in the UK and in Germany are similar (LD50values within a factor of about two of the mean values presented here). It is concluded that technical dimethoate is suitable as a reference compound for laboratory toxicity tests with honey bees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100859

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor