摘要:

SummaryThe nectar of 190 accessions ofLotuswas examined directly using Robert's spectrophotometric: method of carbohydrate analysis. Nectar carbohydrates ofL. corniculatus, L. tenuisandL. caucasicuswere indirectly evaluated by measuring their floret receptacle. A 14-fold difference in nectar carbohydrates was found between the lowest and highest carbohydrate producers in the originalLotuspopulation. All three floret indices proved valuable as indicators of nectar production for the three species examined. Receptacle volume was the best indicator of carbohydrate production for 2 out of the 3 species tested.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100832

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAmong five overripe fruits tested as bait forVespaspp. in an apiary, pear attracted the maximum number of wasps when compared with other fruits. Feeding of poisoned baitad lib.to the wasps in cages revealed that LT50values were 180·9, 62·1 and 28·8 min at 100, 200 and 300 mg fenitrothion kg−1jaggery, respectively. In the newly developed‘capsule cup’technique, one load of poison bait on the thorax of a wasp was shared by more wasps, but the total number of wasps killed did not decrease. With the increase in concentration of bait there was corresponding decrease in LT50) values. A load of 110 mg poison bait (with 1000 ppm fenitrothion) could easily kill 30–35 wasps. In the two field experiments, by sending 25 and 16 loads of poisoned bait, respectively, nests ofV. cinctawere completely destroyed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100833

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA gas analysis system is described for the measurement of the metabolic activity of honeybees. With this, respiration of individual or groups of bees can be continuously recorded in both laboratory and field conditions with a sensitivity of about±0·15 mg CO2h−1in the range of 0–15 mg CO2h−1for one individual bee. Replicates can be measured at the same time by use of a sequencial gas sampling unit which allows statistical treatment of data in an interfaced computer.To exemplify the utility of the apparatus, preliminary test results of the diurnal respiratory cycle of a single bee and the effect of dimethoate on the respiration of groups of bees are presented.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100834

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn the present investigations, the extraction and quantitative estimation of fuel sources and enzyme activities in the thoracic flight muscles of different species of the genusApisand two ecotypes (Himachali and Kashmiri) ofApis ceranawere done in summer (active) and winter (inactive) seasons. Glycogen was the major fuel source in the flight muscles of the different species of honeybees, and the ecotypes ofA. cerana.The amounts of glycogen, total lipids, glycogen Phosphorylase (degradation and synthesis), succinic dehydrogenase andα-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase per mg of thoracic flight muscle (fresh weight) of the 4 species of honeybee and two ecotypes ofA. ceranafollowed the pattern,A. dorsata>A. mellifera>A. cerana>A. florea,PA.c.Himachali,P0·5) in the amounts of total lipids ofA. melliferaandA. cerana;glycogen Phosphorylase (synthesis) ofA. dorsataandA. mellifera;succinic dehydrogenase ofA. ceranaandA. florea, and Kashmiri and Himachali bees; andα-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase ofA. ceranaandA. florea.Moreover, the amounts of glycogen, total lipids and activities of all the enzymes were significantly higher (P<0·01) in summer than in winter, for all the species and ecotypes with the exception that the activity ofα-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was not significantly different in summer and winter seasons inA. florea.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100835

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDrones were marked with individually numbered tags and introduced into pairs of hives that were spaced 1 m apart facing N, S, E and W. The drifting of four age groups of drones (5–10, 10–15, 15–20 and 20–25 days old) was studied in queenright colonies, queenless colonies and in colonies with virgin queens. The proportion of drones that drifted between pairs of hives varied according to the colony's queen state and the direction that the hives faced. In pairs of hives that faced east or west, drifting between queenless colonies did not differ significantly from that in colonies with virgin queens, but was higher than in queenright colonies. In pairs of hives that faced north or south, the amount of drifting did not vary with the colony's state.The direction towards which drift was greater depended on the direction that the pairs of hives faced. In pairs that faced north or south, a higher proportion of drones tended to drift towards the west than the east, while in pairs that faced east or west a higher proportion of drones tended to drift towards the south than the north. However, these differences were significant only in south- and east-facing pairs. The directional trends varied only slightly in colonies with different queen states and in drones of different age groups between 5–25 days old. The directions that drones drifted were correlated with the position and apparent movement of the sun.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100836

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryVibration dance behaviour was monitored for foragers of the African honeybee in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. Approximately 50% of successful foragers performed vibration dances within 5 min of entering the hive. Also, 30–40% of the foragers observed within a colony at any given time were vibrators. Since the vibration dance may enhance recruitment, vibrating foragers may play an important role in the regulation of foraging activity in African colonies.A new dance behaviour, the‘buzz dance’, is described for African honeybees. While the function of the buzz dance was not determined, it was performed by successful foragers, frequently in conjunction with vibration and waggle dances. The buzz dance may therefore be associated with recruitment.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100837

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTypha latifolia(Typhaceae) is a wind-pollinated plant that produces large quantities of pollen containing 14·5% starch and 17·0% protein. This starchy pollen, when fed to newly emerged adult honeybees, was nearly totally rejected when they were provided, simultaneously, with a standard mixture of bee-collected pollen from 15 other plant species. Ethyl acetate extracts from 1 g ofTyphapollen were added to 20 g of an artificial diet and fed in choice tests to newly emerged worker bees. The bees preferred hy over 2·5 to 1 the extract-flavoured diet over either unflavoured diet orTyphapollen, itself. In longevity tests, bees fedTyphapollen died, on average, in about 21 days compared with 25 days for sucrose-water controls, and 57 days for bees fed the standard pollen mixture. A small colony fed onlyTyphapollen consumed pollen rapidly at first but then consumption decreased and in 5 weeks the population declined from 5686 to 2525 adults, with only 377 new adult bees being reared. A similar colony fed a pollen mixture increased from 4024 to 4617 adults in 4 weeks and reared 2269 adults. Despite the poor colony performance onTyphapollen, the bees apparently digested the pollen as shown by an average approximate digestibility (AD) of 90·0% and average coefficient of approximate digestibility of nitrogen (CADN) of 83·6%. The amount of uric acid in faeces fromTypha-fed bees was 13·1% of the total faecal nitrogen. These results suggest thatTyphapollen may be toxic to bees and is avoided by them, although it is digestible. The nature of the presumed toxic activity ofTyphapollen is not known but may be related to its high starch content. Overall,Typhapollen is detrimental for honeybees and would not be a good supplemental pollen for feeding to bees. However, it does contain lipid-soluble phagostimulants that can be separated from the otherwise unattractive pollen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100838

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe introduction ofMelittiphis alvearius(Acari: Laelapidae) into Nova Scotia, Canada, is discussed. A list of 19 species of mites recorded in the resulting survey is presented. In addition to the first record ofM. alveariusin North America, 4 species ofHypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) are listed in association with honeybee colonies.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100839

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPerizin was used against theVarroamite in honeybee colonies in cold climate conditions when no brood was present. In 10 colonies with the recommended dose rate, a mean efficacy of 97·6% was achieved.In another experiment in mild climate conditions, when the least amount of brood was present in 10 colonies, four applications of Perizin emulsion at 4-day intervals and at half the recommended dose rate achieved a mean efficacy of 95·31%. The result for full dose treatment in the same experiment showed an efficacy of 96·02%.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100840

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe repellency of fenvalerate and flucythrinate (pyrethroids of the phenylacetate-ester series) to the honeybee,Apis melliferaL., was modelled. These compounds were found to have effects similar to those of permethrin and Cypermethrin, pyrethroids of the cyclopropanecarboxylate type. The research model used a small colony of honeybees confined in a 150 m3flight cage; foraging bees received contact but not gustatory exposure to the insecticides as they imbibed scented sucrose syrup from feeding stations. Contact exposure to fenvalerate and flucythrinate resulted in sublethal, transitory inhibition of bee activity. The exposed bees remained in the colony for a period of recovery lasting less than 24 h, after which, normal foraging patterns resumed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1989.11100841

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor