摘要:

SummaryAlthough the hypopharyngeal glands of overwintering worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) are hypertrophied, glands isolated from such bees were found to display low rates of protein synthesisin vitro.In the presence of brood, protein synthesis was activated to a maximum within 3 days; in the absence of brood, however, neither pollen consumption nor juvenile hormone treatment of workers stimulated protein synthesis. When the colony was transferred to a flight room, workers' hypopharyngeal glands remained activated for several weeks while the first brood was being reared. Later, only newly emerged bees were involved in rearing brood.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100576

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryElectrophoretic patterns of water-soluble proteins from honeybee (Apis mellifera) worker, royal and drone jelly were examined hourly by using Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis at pH 4·5 (the normal pH of brood food). The ages of larvae for which each jelly sample was taken were estimated in h±1 with the aid of larval growth curves. Each sample was adjusted to 50μg total protein per electrophoretic tube. The number of protein bands in worker jelly gradually increased with larval age from 3 to a maximum of 8. This increase started at 36±1 h of larval age and was completed at 76±1 h. Electrophoretic protein patterns of royal jelly remained unchanged during the whole feeding period, while drone jelly showed the same increase in number of bands as worker jelly but only after 86 h of larval age. Protein patterns of worker jelly produced by field bees and worker jelly from queenless colonies with laying workers differed somewhat.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100577

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAltogether the whole lengths of 3575 spermatozoa from 59 diploid and 84 haploid drones, and the lengths of the nuclei of 450 diploid and haploid spermatozoa, were compared.The shortest diploid spermatozoa were 15μm longer than the longest haploid ones produced by drones originating from the same queen. The average length of diploid spermatozoa was 313μm and that of haploid spermatozoa 242μm.The head length of diploid spermatozoa averaged 7·4μm and of haploids 4·8μm. Thus length may be used to distinguish haploid from diploid spermatozoa, and consequently haploid from diploid drones.Reports of production of triploid worker bees are considered questionable.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100578

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryQueens were inseminated with 1, 2, 4 or 8 mm3of semen, and either held, each with 250 workers, in an incubator at 34°C, or caged without workers in queenless colonies. In the first 4 h the amount of semen injected and the presence or absence of workers had little, if any, effect on the rate of entry of spermatozoa into the spermatheca, which was 200–300 thousand/h. In queens injected with 1 and 2 mm3of semen, the process of entry had largely ended after 4–8 h, but in queens injected with 8 mm3it continued, slowly, up to at least 40 h. The presence or absence of workers had little or no influence on the final number of spermatozoa in the spermatheca when 1 or 2 mm3of semen were injected, but it clearly increased the final number when 4 or 8 mm3were injected.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100579

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySynthetic (E)-citral, geraniol, nerolic acid and geranic acid components of the Nasonov gland pheromone induce worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) to release Nasonov pheromone at their hive entrance. Mixtures lacking any one of these 4 components stimulated pheromone release less effectively, but absence of nerol or (E, E)-farnesol increased effectiveness. The implication of these results for the development of a lure to attract honeybee swarms is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100580

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTechniques were developed for the collection and storage of microquantities of floral nectar and their analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Multiple sampling of nectar droplets of individual flowers from cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) demonstrated that rapid and reproducible determination of nectar carbohydrate composition was possible. No significant deterioration was observed in nectar samples stored up to 23 months at−22°C.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100581

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummarySmall colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera), each consisting of a caged queen to which bees had access and young workers ranging in number from 200 to 2800, were given 400 eggs to rear. Workers in small colonies ate more pollen and reared more brood per individual than did workers in large colonies. A positive correlation was found between pollen consumption by workers and number of progeny reared per worker. Progeny exhibited varying life-spans that were negatively correlated with pollen consumption and rearing efficiency of workers. Dry weight of progeny was also negatively correlated with these brood-rearing parameters. The results suggest that as workers rear increasing numbers of progeny, there is an associated decrease in progeny life-span and dry weight.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100582

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryQueen honeybees (Apis mellifera) were reared using undrawn artificial queen cups of 12-mm internal length and 9-mm opening diameter and different conditions of cell priming and larval positioning or orientation. Percentage acceptance (PA) differed significantly (P<0·015) with type of priming, being 55% without royal jelly (RJ) priming, 75% with 8μl pure RJ and 85% with 8μl dilute RJ). There was no significant difference in acceptance of larvae transplanted to cells with a candy seal over the entrance (PA = 73%) and larvae placed in a cell without a seal (PA = 80%). The association between larval position and transplant acceptance was significant at P = 0·01. For larvae located centrally, PA = 75–81% with non-inversion of larvae (controls), 50% with complete inversion and 33% with 90°rotation to bring the dorsal surface of the larva into contact with the royal jelly. For larvae located on the cell wall, PA = 24%; the host bees remodelled the queen cup around each larva to produce a new cell at 45°to the original queen-cup axis. The difference in acceptance for larvae of the common local strain of bees (PA = 81%) and larvae derived from a southern European strain (PA = 74%) was not significant.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100583

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryChanges in dimensions of artificial queen cups containing transplanted worker honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera) were followed statistically as the cups were drawn by nurse bees for 7–26 h, and percentage acceptance of larvae was correlated with cup size (6 mm or 12 mm) and form (‘undrawn’or‘drawn’). Dimensions of empty 6-mm cups of 5·97±0·029 mm internal length, 8·07±0·025 mm opening diameter and 3·00±0·018 mm maximum base-wall thickness were altered by queenless workers over a 24-h period to 3·71±0·025 mm length, 5·47±0·055 mm opening diameter, and 5·75±0·054 mm base-wall thickness. Empty 12-mm cups of 11·97±0·029 mm length, 8·87±0·027 mm opening diameter and 3·10±0·031 mm base-wall thickness were similarly modified to produce corresponding dimensions of 8·89±0·033 mm, 5·34±0·057 mm and 5·28±0·059 mm.Percentage acceptance of transplanted worker larvae 24 h old for 4 types of cups was: 6-mm undrawn, 10·9%; 6-mm drawn, 48·6%; 12-mm undrawn, 63·9%; 12-mm drawn, 78·6%. Percentage acceptance for larvae transplanted into 12-mm cells drawn for different periods was: 7 h, 50%; 14 h, 70%; 21 h, 75%; 26 h, 87·5%. It was concluded that the drawing procedure significantly improved the acceptability of artificial cups, and that any special property acquired from the cups being drawn was less effective in promoting acceptance than an increase in cell length of 8 mm but more effective than an increase of 3 mm.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100584

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFormulae are derived for determining the effective size of closed (finite) breeding populations (Ne) of honeybees. It is shown that, for a given number of reproductive males and females,Neis larger if each queen mother is replaced by her own daughter in each generation. Computer simulations show that the number of sex alleles and the proportion of viable brood produced within closed populations remain at an acceptably high level longer with gyne supersedure.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100585

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor