摘要:

SUMMARYThe range and concentrations of extractable organic substances occurring in 14 samples of New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey taken in the 1989–1990 season were compared with those found in some 1985–1987 samples. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography with flame ion detection and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of 69 compounds are listed. The results verify an earlier proposition that irrespective of season and geographical origin, samples of unifloral manuka honey are characterized by a combined concentration of 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propionic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-(41-methoxy-phenyl) propionic acid greater than 700 mg/kg honey, a combined concentration of syringic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid greater than 35 mg/kg honey, and a combined concentration of acetophenone and 2-methoxy- acetophenone greater than 20 mg/kg honey.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101281

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe cost of rearing a worker honey bee (Apis mellifera)was measured in terms of honey lost by the colony and the lifespan of the adult worker bees. Test colonies for each experiment were created by collecting bees from many different sources into a large cage and then subdividing those bees to make a group of uniform colonies. Colonies were evaluated outdoors in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, during February when there was pollen but no nectar for bees to collect. Brood production did not have a significant effect on adult survival during the first cycle of brood rearing, but colonies that reared more brood during the first brood cycle had greater adult mortality during the next brood cycle. Bees used 121 g of honey to produce 1 000 cells of mixed-aged brood (eggs, larvae and pupae in a normal brood nest) and about 163 mg of honey to rear one worker bee to the pupal stage. In colonies containing brood of all stages, the weight of brood was nearly equal to (about 25% less than) the weight of honey that was used to produce it.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101282

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYVirgin and mated cordovan queen honey bees(Apis mellifera)were introduced into two-frame colonies containing workers that were not related to the queens. The percentage of times that queens laid eggs after assuming an egg-laying position was lower for virgin queens than for mated queens. In most instances, mated queens laid more eggs per observation interval than virgin queens. Virgin queens were accepted and cared for by workers as were mated queens, and all virgin queens survived in the colonies. Colonies headed by virgin queens produced 0–58.1 % of their brood from the eggs of laying workers, while colonies headed by mated queens did not produce any laying worker brood. Ovarian development was completely suppressed in colonies headed by mated queens. Although only early stage ovarian development was observed in workers sampled from colonies headed by virgin queens, from the composition of the brood it was deduced that some workers must have had completely developed ovaries and were laying eggs.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101283

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYAt Chanthaburi, Thailand, four species ofApis, A. andreniformis, A. florea, A. ceranaandA. dorsata, are sympatric. Observations were carried out on three wild colonies of each species on various days in February 1992. The daily drone flight periods were only partially specific:A. andreniformisfrom 12.15 h to 13.45 h;A. floreafrom 14.00 h to 16.45 h;A. ceranafrom 15.15 h to 17.30 h; and Adorsatafrom 18.15 h to 18.45 h. The significance of these partially separate drone flight periods is discussed in terms of both reproductive isolation and evolution.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101284

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFemale reproductive parasitism, or queen usurpation, was observed in honey bee colonies maintained in the Gulf coastal plain of Mexico between November 1987 and October 1990. Fifty-one of the European honey bee colonies managed during this study were invaded by Africanized honey bee swarms in two of three apiary monitoring lines, with annual invasion rates ranging from 0% to 40%. Queenless colonies were invaded with a significantly greater frequency than queenright colonies, in two of the three monitoring lines. The strength of the queenright colonies (weak, medium and strong) did not have an obvious effect on colony invasion. Invasions were not observed for one of the three monitoring lines, where no queenless colonies were maintained. Thus, queenless colonies appear to be most attractive to invading swarms of honey bees. Two takeovers are described in detail.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101285

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe buzz foraging vibrations ofBombus terrestrisandB. hortorumworkers, measured by an accelerometer attached to the flower stem, reached relatively high acceleration magnitudes of 212 m/s2at frequencies of 374 Hz. B.hortorumworkers were more effective thanB. terrestrisworkers at vibrating the anthers ofSymphytum officinale(comfrey) because they inserted their heads into the corolla for nectar. The escape buzz produced byB. terrestrisduring capture was similar to that produced during pollen foraging onActinidia deliciosa(kiwifruit) and required 0.3 W to generate.Both species of bumble bees created the high magnitude vibrations by triggering resonance frequency vibrations in their ventral and dorsal plates (sternites and tergites). This caused amplification of a random vibration input, at the resonance frequency, by a factor of 2.3.B. terrestrisworkers that had not previously foraged on kiwifruit flowers showed buzz foraging, indicating that it was either an innate foraging technique, or that floral cues exist which stimulate buzzing.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101286

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1993.11101287

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor