摘要:

SUMMARYExperimental plants of oilseed rape (Brassica napuscv.oleifera) were sprayed with deltamethrin at a rate of 12.5 g/ha, which is regarded as producing sublethal effects forBombus terrestrisworkers foraging on the flowers. Contamination levels were assessed before and after treatment in small samples: 1.0 g of anthers, 0.7–2.0 g of nectar, 0.4–3.5 g of honey, 1.0 g of workers. Weights of residues ranged from 0.002 to 0.006 mg/kg in honey, from 0.012 to 0.019 mg/kg in nectar, from 0.047 to 0.605 mg/kg in anthers and from 0.149 to 0.932 mg/kg in workers. Six days after spraying no residues could be detected in anthers and nectar (detection thresholds = 0.0012–0.0062 mg/kg). In laboratory tests, contamination of worker bees by a topical application of 0.08–0.16 mg/kg of deltamethrin resulted in an increased uptake of sugar solution from a feeder by 40–100%. Contamination of the sugar solution by 0.1–0.2 mg/kg of deltamethrin resulted in a reduction of food uptake by 47–59%. No negative effect on lifespan was observed in either case of contamination in laboratory conditions. Queens were fed with a sugar solution contaminated by 0.01–0.2 mg/l of deltamethrin during either a 5-day period or continuously. None of these treatments affected the size of the first batch of workers produced by the queen or the period from egg to emergence. It is suggested that some deltamethrin detoxification might be due to intestinal enzymes. The effectiveness of this detoxification would be enough to prevent the bees from oral intoxication after collecting nectar from rape flowers sprayed with deltamethrin at rates much greater than the registered one.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100860

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe presence of Cistaceae pollen in honey and pollen samples from different localities of this area was determined. In addition, pollen from Cistaceae species collected throughout 1986 by two honey bee colonies placed near Hinojos was studied. Observations were also made on the presence of Cistaceae pollen in honey produced during the same year by these colonies. The flowering phenology and nectar and pollen production of the species ofCistusandHalimiumfound in Hinojos in that period were also recorded. The results show that the apicultural value of the Cistaceae in W Andalusia is limited to the genusCistus, particularly the species C.iadanifer, C. crispus, C. albidus, C. monspeliensisand C.salvifolius.The importance of each of these species for apiculture varies throughout this territory. In all the Cistaceae species studied, the bulk of the flowering occurred during spring. The period of greatest pollen collection from each species coincided with that of its peak flowering, but pollen grains of these taxa were present in honey produced well outside the flowering periods of these species. BothCistusandHalimiumflowers had very high pollen production but only those ofCistussecreted nectar, with high concentrations of sugar (>70%). The results suggest that in W Andalusia honey bees visitCistusflowers mostly to collect pollen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100861

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYPollen spectra were obtained for honey samples taken from the nests of 48Meliponaspp. and 20 other stingless bee species at 23 locations in Venezuela from 1987 to 1989. The order of abundance for dominant pollens inMeliponaspp. honeys was:Mimosa pudicagr, Scrophulariaceae,Machaeriumgr.,Avicennia, Myrtaceae,Mimosa scabrellagr.,Cassia, Myrcia, Piper, Philoxerus, Xanthoxylum, Alter-nantheraandAstragalus.Pollens ofTrema, Triumfetta, Avicennia, Palmae,Fagara, Hyptisgr., Rhamnaceae,XanthoxylumandAcalyphawere dominant in the non-Meliponasamples. The abundance of dominant pollens from nectarless plants, such asMimosa pudicagr.,Mimosa scabrellagr.,Alternanthera, PiperandTrema, considerably reduces the list of major nectar sources found for the stingless bees studied; their presence could be due to mixing of the honey with pollen pots inside the nest.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100862

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe influence of‘parasitic intensity’(the number of adult femaleVarroa jacobsoniper cell) on mite reproduction in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies was studied during 1991 in Argentina. As the number of mites per cell increased, a clear decrease in the reproductive rate was observed from about three offspring per mite at 1 mite/cell to one offspring per mite at 6 mites/cell. There was also a decrease in the number of females reaching the adult stage. Parasitic intensity. was highest (up to 6 mites/cell) in winter and lowest in summer (up to 2 mites/cell). As the number of male offspring produced was not affected, changes in the sex ratio were observed. At a parasitic intensity of 1 mite/cell, there were 38.7% males in the offspring, but at 6 mites/cell the proportion of males was 51.3%. During winter, a lower number of brood cells were available resulting in a high proportion of highly infested cells and a reduced reproductive rate. It is suggested that exploitative competition could be one factor leading to a high parasitic intensity.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100863

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo hive designs and two harvesting methods were evaluated in Otago, New Zealand, for their effect on yields and quality of royal jelly, and ease of management. Royal jelly yields from a queenright hive design, in which a queen excluder partially covered with a hardboard division confined the queen to the bottom brood chamber and away from the queen cells in the middle box where royal jelly was secreted, were similar to those obtained from a queenless hive design in which the queen was removed to a nucleus box. This was despite the bees clustering around the queen cells in the queenright hive having smaller hypopharyngeal glands than those in the queenless starter hive. The queenright design is recommended because of its simplicity and ease of conversion in alternating between honey and royal jelly production. Harvesting 66 h after grafting larvae resulted in similar yields to harvesting at 72 h and 78 h, indicating that beekeepers can harvest at any time on the third day without affecting production. A technique which used two harvests per graft is not recommended. The chemical components of royal jelly within certain quality standards were not affected by the treatments. Royal jelly production suppressed honey yields by 51 %.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100864

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSeventeen colonies ofMelipona beecheiiwere collected from different parts of Yucatán, Mexico, and housed in rational (box) hives or in traditional log hives. Two designs of rational hive were used: the Nogueira-Neto hive (P) and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Amazonia hive (I). The internal volumes of the P, I and log hives were 14.30, 14.52 and 10.06 litres, respectively. Food stores in the original nests were not transferred to the hives and the colonies were fed on sugar syrup and supplied with cerumen. Brood volumes and numbers of food pots were determined every 15 days for 3 months following the colony transfers. The amount of brood which developed in the log hives (mean 848.21 cm3) was significantly greater than in P (mean 543.64 cm3) and I (mean 413.84 cm3) hives, but there were no significant differences between domiciles in the number of food pots built, indicating that colonies need to build up food stores before producing brood. It is suggested that the volumes of the P and I hives should be reduced by at least one-third, to allow better control of temperature and environment by the bees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100865

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe survival of adult femaleTropilaelaps clareaeof unknown age on caged adult workers of Apis mellifera was investigated in ambient conditions during the rainy season in northern Thailand and in an incubator maintained at 35°C and 60% RH. Under both conditions, a small percentage ofT. clareaesurvived for three days. A similar experiment using adultT. clareaeon caged adult workers ofApis dorsataproduced similar results: a small percentage of mites survived for three days. The observed survival ofT. clareae, whether onA. melliferaorA. dorsata, is about one day longer than previously reported. It is now clear that the highly pestiferousT. clareaecould easily survive even the longest of international airline flights.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100866

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYStudies on the foraging behaviour ofApis melliferaandA. ceranaon apple flowers were conducted in four orchards in the north-west Himalayan region of India, using marked bees.A. melliferavisited significantly more flowers (mean, 164–193) thanA. cerana(mean, 129–172) during single foraging trips at each site. There was no significant difference between the two species for number of flowers visited per minute. More bees of both species and at all sites foraged for pollen as‘top workers’in the morning than later in the day, when‘side working’(for nectar) was more prevalent.A. melliferaandA. ceranadid not differ in the proportions of top or side worker bees at the three observation times, 09.00,12.00 and 15.00 h. On average, more bees were seen foraging on sunny than on shady sides of trees but these differences were not significant at all sites. Both species at each location preferred to forage on trees nearer to their hives. Bees tended to move to trees located in different rows rather than in same rows, presumably because rows were oriented up and down slopes. Both species showed the same floral fidelity during pollination: bees in all orchards carried pollen loads that were more than 95% apple pollen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100867

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYDuring the growing seasons of 1992 and 1993, in Wesiaco, Texas, USA, pollination of cantaloupes (Cucumis melo)was delayed by either 0, 6 or 12 days. Pollination was prevented by covering plants with floating row covers at the time of first female flowering. Plants were left covered for either 6 or 12 days and then exposed to honey bee visitation. Cultivare used in the 1992 season were Cruiser, Explorer and Primo. Cruiser, Mission and Primo were used in 1993. Twelve colonies of honey bees were placed on the border of the test plots in 1992 and two in 1993. In 1992, Primo plants which had pollination delayed for six days produced heavier fruits and a greater total fruit weight per plant than those not delayed or delayed 12 days. Cruiser and Explorer produced smaller fruits when pollination was delayed 12 days but were unaffected by a 6-day delay. In 1993, Mission delayed for 12 days produced more fruits per plant. No differences in fruit quality (percentage culls, soluble solid content and size) or number were observed in other cultivars when pollination was delayed. In both trials, the median harvest time was about the same as controls when pollination was delayed for six days. These results suggest that the time honey bee colonies need to be in the field for cantaloupe pollination could be reduced. Pollination could be delayed by about one week without negatively affecting productivity or harvest time. This would provide growers additional time in which to apply insecticides should they be needed, and reduce honey bee exposure to insecticides.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100868

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100869

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor