摘要:

SummaryWorker bees in a‘retinue’round the queen of anApis ceranacolony never licked her, and rarely touched her with their antennae, although they put them close to her and moved them vigorously. Workers that had been close to the queen showed no increased tendency to transfer food to other workers, or to make antennal contacts with them that could have been responsible for transferring pheromones. A caged queen was able to stabilize only those parts of a swarm cluster that were above her, and were connected to her by a chain of workers between which there was bodily contact with or without contact through the substratum. The ability of a caged queen to keep workers clustered on a comb, and to inhibit them from rearing queens, also operated only on workers above her. The queen's influence propagated through a chain of workers seemed to be little, if at all, attenuated by distance. It is suggested that the queen's presence is first communicated to workers close to her by pheromones emitted by the queen, and then relayed instantaneously from worker to worker in a chain by tactile signals given by the workers' front legs and perceived by their hind legs. On comb surfaces, where the queen and workers move about in performing their various activities, it is suggested that bees gain access to the queen's pheromones by their movements.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099963

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryData are presented on the numbers of foraging honeybees on experimental plots within a very large area of hairy vetch during 3 years, and on amounts and concentrations of nectar. Sudden changes in the numbers of foragers counted were observed each year; a probable interpretation is that they resulted from recruitment of bees to areas where the vetch was producing a highly rewarding nectar flow.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099964

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe diurnal pattern of honeybee visits to cucumber flowers showed a peak at 11–12 h EST. The great majority of visits occurred between 9 and 14 h. Foraging bees exhibited floral preferences which changed during the day. Staminate flowers were relatively more attractive than pistillate for the greater part of most days, and this is probably related to the higher sugar concentration found in the nectar of staminate flowers. Bees spent almost twice as long per visit on a pistillate flower as on a staminate flower, which is correlated with the amount of nectar available. Except in early morning and late afternoon, the average time a bee spent on a flower decreased throughout the day. The average, 11.4 sec per flower visit, corresponds to a foraging rate of 5.3 flowers per min. This information is useful in determining the optimal ratio between numbers of staminate and pistillate flowers for most efficient pollination and maximum yield of cucumbers.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099965

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA spectrophotometric method for assaying minute quantities of sugar in solution has been modified for use on nectaries of plants and on insects which gather nectar. A flower is rinsed (or an insect crushed) in a measured amount of water; 1 ml of sample solution is added to 1 ml of 5% phenol and 5 ml concentrated sulphuric acid. After 45–60 min the absorbance at 490 nm is measured with a spectrophotometer, and translated into weight of sugar by means of a standard curve. Hundreds of samples can be gathered each day, frozen, and analysed (100/day) during a slack season. As an example, results are given for the sugar content ofTilianectar as the flower ages.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099966

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPollen trapped from colonies located in areas of apples, blueberries, cucumbers and strawberries was identified to plant species. Apple and strawberry pollens were well represented in the samples. Colonies in blueberry areas collected some of its pollen, whereas no cucumber pollen was detected in the traps.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099967

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA technique is described for marking up to 1800 honeybees per hour individually with fluorescent paint of six different colours

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099968

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFourteen uniformly inseminated hybrid queens were randomly divided into three groups. Spermatozoa in the Spermatozoa of the first group were counted before egg laying began (5.00±0.26 (SE) million). Queens of the second group laid about 63 000, and of the third group about 123 000, eggs before spermatozoa in the spermathecae were counted (3.25±0.06, 2.49±0.18, respectively). The queens used half their spermatozoa between 16 June and mid-November—about half the egg-laying season in Louisiana. The data were negatively correlated with the predicted logarithmic loss of spermatozoa from the spermatheca (r=−0.94).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099969

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDegradation of two concentrations of Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) in medicated syrup and honey in store in colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) was followed using a spectrofluorometric technique. The rate of degradation was similar in syrup and honey, and most of the OTC had gone 6–9 weeks after the end of feeding medicated solutions. However, a small residual fluorescence appeared to persist indefinitely; it was presumed to be due to a product of the degradation and might be useful as an indicator of previous medication with OTC.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099970

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryDried remains (mummies) of chalkbrood-killed larvae contain much less glycogen than healthy larvae or larvae killed by American foulbrood (AFB) disease. The mummies are depleted of glucose. They also lack many of the sulphydryl-containing compounds present in healthy and AFB-killed larvae. Growing cultures of the pathogen,Ascosphaera apis, possess phosphatase, but lack other enzymes found in many pathogenic micro-organisms. Growth ofA. apiscultures in yeast-starch medium was stimulated by simple sugars and trehalose. No detectable acid was produced from any of the sugars, and the pH of the chalkbrood mummies was higher than that of AFB-killed larvae. It is concluded thatA. apisis a relatively non-invasive parasite that kills the host by competition for primary nutrients.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099971

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAdult worker honeybees, caged in groups of 15, were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm pure aflatoxin B1As the level of toxin increased, more bees died earlier, over 90% by the second day of those fed 30 and 40 ppm. Half the bees fed 5 ppm were dead after 3½days. The honeybee was more sensitive to aflatoxin B1than the cockroach, but less sensitive than the fruitfly and housefly. It is considered that, if aflatoxin B1is present in hives, it could cause the premature death of bees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1979.11099972

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor