摘要:

SummaryThe paper presents data on pollen and nectar foraging byScaptotrigona bipunctata, S.depilisandS.posticain a disturbed community (the campus of São Paulo University, on the outskirts of São Paulo city), during a one-year period. Despite high local floral diversity, these bees exploited around 10 plant species and concentrated their pollen and nectar foraging onEucalyptusflowers. On the other hand, they visited around 100 plant species altogether. This is a basic pattern presented by other stingless bees foraging in the area. But there are differences in exploiting major food sources, mainly between bee genera.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101198

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effectiveness of honeybees and leafcutter bees in cross pollination between two cultivars offababeans within cages was assessed. Both honeybee and leafcutter bee positive-foragers moved laterally between rows more often than along rows. The bees moved to rows with different cultivars more frequently that to rows with the same cultivar. However, the direction of movement and cultivar preference did not differ significantly between the two species of bees.Honeybees foraged in greater numbers, and on more flowers per bee than did leafcutter bees. The amount of movement also varied with the cultivars that were used. Few bees moved between the cultivars that differed greatly in appearance and growth habit (e.g. Aladin and 15025). The amount of movement between the cultivars Aladin and CM4 was much higher, ranging from 27 to 43 percent in honeybees and 22 percent in leafcutter bees. Honeybees were more effective than leafcutter bees as pollinators offababeans in caged plots.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101199

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are important protein-producing food glands in worker honeybees (Apis melliferaL.). A simplein vivomethod is described for estimating HG activity. Radioactive14C-L-leucine (0·1μCi in 1μl) is injected directly into the haemocoele of honeybees, and is subsequently incorporated into the HGs during protein synthesis. After 2 h incubation, the amount of radioactive leucine incorporated by the gland is measured and serves as an indicator of synthetic activity in the glands. The technique has been used successfully to reveal gland activity differences in bees from hives with and without brood. This technique is simple, fast, and reliable. Its advantages and disadvantages compared with thein vitroassay method of Brouwers (1982) are also discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101200

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe Yucatan flowering periods of 176 species of legume have been determined from samples taken throughout the year at 15 sites across the peninsula. They comprised 67 trees, 19 shrubs, 60 herbs and 30 creepers. Blooming of 3 species, Tajonal (Viguiera dentata), Tzitzilché(Gymnopodium floribundum), and Xtabentún (Turbina corymbosa) occurred in phase with 5 principal honey harvests in 1 year. The flowering of the less-studied species is discussed in relation to honey flows and regional climate.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101201

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn more than 400 honey samples from different regions of Brazil, the pollen spectra indicated that 190 of them were from monofloral honeys. The most common plant species for these honeys areEucalyptusandCitrusspecies from crops. Wild species that produce honeys appreciated by humans are from Compositae and Mimosoideae, with different pollen types. Other wild plants constitute only sources of sustenance for the bees and their honeys are less appreciated by humans, like honeys fromHyptisand Rubiaceae species.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101202

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe amount and sugar concentration of nectar produced by two cultivars (Candle, Tobin) ofBrassica campestrisL. and three cultivars (Altex, Andor, Regent) ofBrassica napusL. were determined throughout the day. The effect of temperature and relative humidity on nectar production as well as the preferences for cultivars by honeybees were examined. Cultivars ofB. napusproduced more nectar than did those ofB. campestris.The flowers of both species produced more nectar, with a lower sugar concentration, in the mornings. Correlations were found between the amounts and concentrations of nectar produced and temperature and relative humidity. Flowers sampled repeatedly produced more nectar, with a lower sugar concentration, than did those sampled only once per day. Honeybees did not show obvious preferences for any of the cultivars investigated.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101203

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAltogether 70 queens, 7–8 days old were instrumentally inseminated with 8 mm3of semen. They were introduced in groups per 10 to 150, 350 and 750 workers in 1- and 4-comb mating boxes, and to 10 larger nuclei with 9500 workers on 5 normal combs. The nuclei were checked daily, and the initiation of egg laying, as well as the temperatures inside the bee cluster and outdoors were recorded.Queens attended by 150, 350 and 750 workers started to lay eggs in 1-comb mating boxes 15·1, 13·5 and 11·5 days after insemination, respectively; in 4-comb mating boxes 12·6, 12·1 and 9·9 days after insemination; and in the large nuclei, 6·9 days after insemination. Increase of the number of attendants by 100 workers accelerated initiation of egg laying by 0·59 or 0·46 day in 1-comb or in 4-comb mating boxes, respectively. Logarithmic regression curve y = 26·37–2·2 In x fits well for initiation of egg laying by queens in 1-comb boxes and y = 18·30–2·2 In x for queens in 4-comb boxes. Doubling the number of attendants accelerated initiation of egg laying by 0·8–0·9 day.Increase of the number of workers from 150 to 750 raised the temperature in the bee cluster in mating boxes from 2·3°C to 4·6°C above the 19·5°C of the average outdoor temperature. Increase of workers by 100 raised the temperature by 0·26°C or 0·33°C in 1- or 4-comb boxes, respectively. Logarithmic regression curve y = 3·3 + 1·2 In x fits well for the rise of temperature generated by increasing number of workers in 4-comb boxes. Doubling the number of workers raised the temperature by 0·8°C. Increase of temperature by 1°C was associated with acceleration of the initiation of egg laying by about 1–2 days.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101204

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryUsingSerratia marcescens, microbiological assays have indicated thatVanoa jacobsonican harbour this indicator bacterium on its body surface and internally. The majority carry from several to hundreds of bacteria per specimen, others have more than 107cells. Only a few mites fed on brood and worker bees artificially inoculated with the indicator by spray, feeding or injections, had no cells ofSerratia.A source ofVarroapollution was not only bacterial inocula but also brood and bees killed byS. marcescensmultiplication. Since this ectoparasitic stenophagous mite is easily polluted withSerratiaand transmits bacteria from one bee to another,V. jacobsonican disseminate microbes as a vector to a recipient bee host.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101205

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryOxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) residues in honey and royal jelly were analysed with the pre-activated SEP-PAK C18®cartridge and HPLC. OTC in honey stored in colonies decreased rapidly but was detected for a longer period than reported previously. In contrast, little OTC was transferred into royal jelly except immediately after administration of the antibiotic.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1990.11101206

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor