摘要:

SummaryQueens were relatively heavy and had large, well developed ovaries in the early summer. This condition coincided with a period of intensive egg laying. Ovary development was accompanied by a large drop in fat-body lipids and a significant increase in fat-body protein. Ovaries of laying queens were about 8 times as large as those of virgins. Between November and January, when no eggs were laid, queens were lighter and had smaller, less-developed ovaries. The weight of workers remained essentially unchanged throughout the year. Fat-body stores in both queens and workers were high in summer, then declined during September and October. A gradual build-up in queen fat-body stores began in November and continued through March. Total stores in the worker fat-body rose sharply in November, then fell again in December and January.Blood sugar concentrations were high in both queens and workers between June and October; caste patterns diverged between December and June, when concentration dropped nearly to zero in queens but increased to a level of more than 4% in workers. Blood sugar levels varied inversely with levels of fat-body lipids during late autumn and winter. More protein bands were observed during periods of heavy egg laying and brood rearing than at other times. The female-specific protein‘vitellogenin’was observed in both female castes. The concept of‘summer bees’and‘winter bees’appeared to be appropriate to queens as well as to workers.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100475

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn two experiments with queenright honey-producing colonies, 17% (46 of 276) and 31% (9 of 29) of the old queens were replaced by queens emerging from queen cells introduced with little or no isolation from the original queen. Few old queens were replaced by young virgin queens introduced to colonies with either smoke or vanilla-honey-water sprays.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100476

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryLactase (β-galactosidase) was found in the midguts of normal adult worker honeybees and in those fed with lactose. Sephadex G-200 chromatograms of midguts of both groups showed two enzyme activity peaks, molecular weights of lactase being determined as 238 000 and 40 000, respectively. The midgut lactase activity was increased significantly by feeding the bees with lactose.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100477

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWhen adult worker honeybees in small hives, kept in screen flight cages, were fed sucrose syrup containing 5%, 10%, 15% of lactose or 2·5%, 5%, 7·5% of galactose, galactose was found in their faecal droppings. The quantity of faecal galactose increased as the feeding period increased. Significantly more faecal galactose was found in bees fed 10% and 15% of lactose than in bees fed 5% (P<0·05 in both cases), further indicating the stimulating effect of lactose feeding on activity of lactase (β-galactosidase). However, significantly higher mortality (P<0·05) occurred in bees fed 10% and 15% (but not 5%) of lactose than in control bees. The data suggest that the bees could tolerate no more than 5% of lactose.Bees fed galactose at various concentrations had significantly higher mortality than the control bees (P<0·001 in all cases), although large amounts of the ingested galactose were excreted during cleansing flights. Presumably galactose interferes with carbohydrate metabolism of bees, and is thus probably toxic to bees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100478

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe nutritional value forNannotrigona (S.) posticaworkers of mixtures of pollen from hives ofN. (S.) posticaandApis melliferawas tested by comparing ovary and hypopharyngeal gland development in groups fed different proportions of pollen from the two sources. A mixture of 75% pollen fromN. (S.) posticaand 25% pollen fromA. melliferawas a satisfactory substitute for 100%N. (S.) posticapollen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100479

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHoneybee pollen loads were trapped from hives at five sites in LaCrosse County, Wisconsin, USA, throughout one season. The percentages from different plant species were determined. The season could be divided into three parts: tree sources from early April to late May, then shrubs until mid-June, followed by herbaceous plants until the end of September. An unexpectedly large amount of the pollen came from wind-pollinated species, especially oak (Quercussp.) and corn (Zea mays).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100480

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAn ether extract of honeybee larvae killed byBacillus larvaecontained several volatile organic acids, most of which were also present in an extract from anin vitroculture of the causative organism. The extracts of diseased larvae and the culture were characterized by highly odorous acids, including valeric, isovaleric, anteisovaleric, butyric and caproic acids, whereas healthy larvae were generally devoid of these compounds.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100481

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAmerican foul brood scales and chalk brood mummies produced a volatile sulphide which was detected by lead acetate strips. A positive reaction required a minimum of 0·03–0·1 g larval residue per ml volume of container and an exposure time of 2–4 weeks. However, the method proved to be non-specific and is not sufficiently sensitive for detection of disease in honeybee colonies.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100482

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe survival ofStreptococcus plutonin artificially infected Australian honeys from five floral sources was studied at temperatures between 10 and 80°C. Time-temperature combinations necessary to kill the organism caused slight changes in Pfund colour grade, diastase number and hydroxymethylfurfural content of the honeys. It is considered that these changes do not represent a serious loss in honey quality.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100483

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFlavour, colour and sugar content of honey samples were assessed after processing at 44°. 49°and 71°C for 30 min, and flash heating to 79°C followed by immediate cooling. No significant differences in flavour or colour were found according to the temperature used. The only consistent variation in contents for fructose, glucose and sucrose was a slightly greater content of sucrose at 79°than at 44°.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100484

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1981

数据来源: Taylor