摘要:

SummaryWhen three protein rations were fed to 20 colonies of honeybees in outdoor flight cages, the ration containing 17% pollen was consumed in greater amounts than rations containing no pollen, and the colonies receiving it produced significantly more brood than the others. However, brood rearing in all caged colonies was far below that in uncaged colonies. The dry weight and nitrogen content of emerging bees from colonies fed the three rations did not differ significantly. Seven uncaged colonies not supplied with supplementary food always had a greater area of sealed than of unsealed brood, but the position was reversed in the caged colonies, indicating that some of their larvae died before sealing. Neither the brood-rearing pattern, nor the brood areas, of the caged colonies followed the seasonal trend displayed by the uncaged colonies.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099741

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryQueens were inseminated with 8 mm3semen and kept for 2 days in nursery cages containing 10 workers. Some of the caged queens were put into queenless colonies and the rest were kept in incubators at 24°or 34°C. The rearing conditions, as well as the insemination conditions, influenced the number of spermatozoa entering the spermatheca. Queens kept at 34°after insemination had 808 thousand more spermatozoa in the spermatheca than those kept at 24°or in colonies.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099742

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFor breeding purposes, the possibility of instrumental insemination ofApis cerana indicawas investigated. Altogether 54 queens were inseminated, and 2000 drones were used. Semen, which is difficult to separate from mucus, could be collected from only about one-third of the drones (average 0·16 mm3semen per drone). This amount resulted only in traces of spermatozoa in the spermatheca of inseminated queens. Increasing the amount injected from 1 mm3to 4mm3significantly increased the number of spermatozoa in the spermatheca; increasing the temperature at which the queens were kept after insemination (from 28°to 34°) also significantly increased this number. In some queens inseminated with one large dose of semen, the oviducts were not emptied, in contrast to queens inseminated twice with a smaller amount. Queens inseminated with doses higher than 3 mm3semen in June and July were still producing worker brood in worker cells at the end of the season.Insemination ofA. ceranaqueens with 2 mm3A. melliferasemen resulted in a considerably larger number of spermatozoa reaching the spermatheca than pureA. ceranainsemination with the same amount of semen. The reciprocal cross (A. melliferaqueen XA. ceranasemen) did not give the same effect. It is deduced that these differing results were due to the greater concentration and activity of the spermatozoa inA. melliferasemen. It seems that semen from 40–60 drones is necessary for effective insemination of anA. ceranaqueen.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099743

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWorkers gathered on cages containing a mated laying queen placed above a normal queenright colony. Fewer workers gathered on a cage when they could not touch the caged queen, or when she was dead, or when her mandibular glands had been removed. The number of workers on the cage was correlated with the amount of 9-oxodecenoic acid in the queen's head. Workers gathered on cages containing only 9-oxodecenoic acid on filter-paper that the bees could not touch.“Court”formation round a free queen was not diminished by removing her mandibular glands. The head of queens whose mandibular glands had been removed contained traces of 9-oxodecenoic acid. No hitherto unknown substance affecting worker bees' behaviour was detected in the queen's head. No sounds likely to be specifically communicative were heard from the queen or from workers that formed a“court”round her. Workers did not move from afar to form a“court”round a queen. It is concluded that in an undisturbed colony with a mated laying queen there is no attraction of workers towards the queen except over very short distances.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099744

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryComparisons are made of the fine structure of the corpora allata of queen and worker larvae 48 hours old. Differences found between these physiologically distinct types of allata are discussed in relation to the secretions: at this age the queen is secreting a repressor, whereas the worker is actively secreting juvenile hormone.The effect of transplanted repressive allata from queen larvae on the fine structure of the left colleterial glands of the female cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is described. The fine structure associated with protein synthesis in these cells was completely disrupted.An attempt is made to relate these observations to honeybee development.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099745

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHoarding behaviour was measured in the laboratory by putting 50 newly emerged bees into a small box-like cage and noting the time the bees required to remove 20 ml of sugar syrup from their feeder, some of which was consumed and some stored in their comb. Bees from brood of the same colony usually required similar times; bees from brood of different colonies varied widely. The time required by bees from 21 colonies in these laboratory tests was negatively correlated with the weight gained by the colonies in the field (r=−0·33). It is suggested that the laboratory test may therefore provide an indication of colony hoarding behaviour, which directly affects the weight gained and consequently the honey production by the colony.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099746

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryExperiments with two groups of 10 honeybee colonies are described. They show that, although restriction of total hive space to 37 litres caused little if any restriction of space for brood or food, it nevertheless resulted in an increase in the number of occupied queen cells (including sealed cells) in the colony, and increased the chance of queens being reared to maturity.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099747

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe collection of pollen by high and low alfalfa pollen collecting lines of honeybees was studied at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where no alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is grown. The high line collected significantly more pollen than the low line fromTrifolium repens, Cornus drummondii, Ampelopsis arborea, Polygonumspp.,Lippia lanceolataandGeranium carolinianum.The low line collected significantly more than the high line fromTradescantia bracteata, Rhus radicans, Ambrosiaspp. andSolidagospp. Twenty-four pollen sources were studied.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099748

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryEleven commercial honey wines and meads were analysed, with the following results: alcohol 12·2–20·8% vol/vol; pH 2·90–3·75 (very tart to mild acidity); total titratable acids (as tartaric) 0·220–0·708 g/100 ml; volatile acid (as acetic) 0·014–0·0779 g/100 ml, acetaldehyde 18·2–125·5 mg/litre, reducing sugars (as dextrose) 2·5–27·8%; most of the commercial meads were quite sweet.Ash content and percentage of certain cations in the ash were also determined; these results indicated the nature of the fermentation and the type of salts added during the process. Mead made by the Cornell University rapid-fermentation process was less sweet than most commercial wines, and free from any off-flavour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099749

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1973.11099750

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor