摘要:

SummaryMandibles ofScaptotrigona postica, stingless bees with a highly evolved social organization and a system of communication based on mandibular gland secretions, were studied by SEM. In the frontal region, which exhibits both smooth and reticulated chitin, there are two fine grooves which delimit a region located in a lower plane. Ventral examination of the mandible showed the presence of a concave region containing a cutting blade, and of hairs of different sizes, some cavity-like structures, and a large number of campaniform sensilla. The mandibular gland opens on the internal part of the articulation of the mandible with the head outward through an orifice which is approximately elliptical in shape and which has reinforced margins and an elevated part close to one end. Throughout the ventral region of the mandibles are pores which may be grouped or isolated and which may represent sites of external elimination of the secretions of the intramandibular glands.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100695

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryProteins homologous to vertebrate immunoglobulins have been reported absent from the blood of several insect species. An investigation was made of the possible presence, in larval honeybee blood, of proteins migrating in the globulin region in immunoelectrophoresis. Blood of larvae 5 days old, either whole or fractionated with ethanol or ammonium sulphate, was analysed by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelec-trophoresis using rabbit blood antiserum. One protein was found that appeared to be comparable to mammalian blood globulins; precipitation arcs associated with this protein migrated in the globulin region during immunoelectrophoresis of whole larval blood or of the globulin-like antigenic solution precipitated by ammonium sulphate. Other globulin-like or albumin-like proteins separated on acrylamide gel do not necessarily have the nature of mammalian globulins or albumins, since they migrated in both the albumin and globulin regions during immunoelectrophoresis.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100696

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe honeybee (Apis mellifera) pheromone 2-heptanone was evaluated for possible use as a repellent in conjunction with agricultural insecticides. An efficacious repellent would prevent or reduce honeybee mortality by lowering the incidence of contact between bees and toxic chemicals. It was shown that although 2-heptanone repels bees, its use as a repellent would probably not be practical in an agricultural setting, and that under some conditions it acted as an attractant.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100697

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryNasonov pheromone lures, either with or without (E)-9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (902), were hung inside empty Kenya top-bar hives in each of 4 apiaries in Kenya. Of the 48 hives with lures, 24 were occupied by honeybee swarms, although at one site all hives, with or without lures, remained unoccupied. At the other 3 sites, 56, 78 and 17% of hives with Nasonov lures, with Nasonov + 902 lures, and without lures, respectively, were occupied. The difference between hives with Nasonov lures and with Nasonov + 902 lures was not significant. It is concluded that lures should be placed in hives only at those times of year when migrating colonies usually settle in the area concerned.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100698

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWhen the angle of slope from the vertical of the side bars of comb frames was increased the length of attachment of comb to the side bars progressively diminished and the distance from the top bar before attachment began increased. The least comb attachment was to curved wooden frames and was usually restricted to near the top bars. In hives provided with top bars only, the amount of attachment to the side walls decreased as the angle at which the walls sloped inwards increased. When the side walls were vertical or nearly vertical, combs used largely for storing honey were likely to be attached more than combs used mostly for rearing brood. Comb attachment to hives with curved sides decreased as the depth of the curve increased and was less than in hives with straight sides; such attachment as did occur was near the top bars. Smears or strips of wax were necessary for guiding bees to build along the top bars. Breakage of combs during handling was prevented by suspending vertical wooden comb supports from the top bars.These findings are discussed in relation to the development of transitional hives.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100699

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryA simple indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect and quantify acute paralysis virus (APV) in individual femaleVarroa jacobsonicollected from naturally infested honeybee(Apis mellifera) colonies in the Netherlands and Germany. The assay was very specific and sensitive, detecting the virus in concentrations as low as 3 ng/ml. Mites collected from both adult honeybees and sealed brood cells contained APV but virus concentrations varied widely between individuals. The possible role ofV. jacobsonias a vector of honeybee virus diseases is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100700

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryHoneybee (Apis mellifera) colonies at Darang, India, have suffered brood mortality in October, when tea bushes are in flower, in each year since 1977. Three colonies (4–5 combs each) were established on empty combs in October 1983, and given one comb of healthy brood and combs containing fresh nectar taken from Darang colonies. It was established by pollen analysis of nectar taken from foragers that the nectar was tea nectar. Symptoms of poisoning appeared in all colonies within 2–3 days; larvae turned yellow and died, emitting a rancid odour. Larvae which were fed on tea nectar in the laboratory showed similar symptoms, whereas larvae fed with diluted nectar taken from healthy colonies developed normally. There were no apparent harmful effects on adults. It is concluded that the presence of poorly-managed small tea estates in the foot-hills of the Dhauladhar range of the Himalayas renders the area unsuitable forA. melliferacolonies in autumn.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100701

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of storage at room temperature (28±2°C) and at 50°±2°on some of the physico-chemical properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera) honey were studied. The honey used was collected from hives ofApis ceranain Johore, Malaysia, and extracted by filtering and squeezing through 2 layers of cheese-cloth under conditions as aseptic as possible. Changes in moisture content, water activity (Aw), pH, acid content and total nitrogen content were comparatively small at either temperature. Storage at 50°affected colour adversely. Darkening progressed more quickly at 50°and at the end of 18 weeks the degree of darkening was about six times as great as in honey stored at 28°. Contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose decreased with time at both temperatures, rates of decrease being similar at the 2 temperatures for hexoses but greater at 50°for sucrose. Fructose content declined more than glucose.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100702

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe volatile components of a unifloral chestnut (Castanea sativa) honey were isolated by steam distillation/extraction and studied using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipped with a computerized system for data acquisition and library search. The extract of volatiles was a complex mixture of at least 50 compounds, 19 of which had not been previously reported to be present in honey. Some compounds, and particularly the main component of the mixture (3-aminoacetophenone), may be specific for the floral source.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100703

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of insect visits on seed production was studied in 9 cruciferous and 4 umbelliferous crop species at Hissar, India, by comparing several yield parameters in open-pollinated plants and plants in cages or with stems bagged. Bees(Apis dorsata, A. florea, A. melliferaand 6 solitary species) were the dominant flower visitors, and were the only species which collected pollen and acted as potential pollinators. Weight of seeds per plant and weight of seeds per ha were significantly greater in open plots of both cruciferous and umbelliferous species than in caged plots. Mean pod (silique) length and numbers of seeds set per pod in open plots of cruciferous plants, and numbers of seeds set per plant in open plots of umbelliferous plants, were significantly greater than in caged plots. Seed size (weight/1000 seeds) was greater in caged plots of umbelliferous plants than in open plots. Per cent seed germination did not differ significantly between treatments. The management of bees for seed production in cruciferous and umbelliferous crop species is recommended.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1986.11100704

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor