摘要:

SummaryThe maximum sizes of 83 colonies varied greatly, the biggest colony being five times the size of the smallest. Many of the colonies that failed to grow big stopped growing quite early in the summer without losing their laying queens. This suggests that selective breeding might be more profitably directed towards uniformity than towards increase in colony size.Twenty-three colonies kept with more hive space than they could occupy had an average of about 1100 bees per British comb (1400 per Langstroth comb) on the combs they were occupying. From this, and several published estimates of colony sizes, it was deduced that an average colony needs about 3½British 11-comb boxes or 3 Langstroth 10-comb boxes to accommodate its adult bees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100210

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFive groups of honeybee colonies were tested for their tendency to collect alfalfa pollen. One group was the sixth generation of a line with a strong tendency to collect this pollen (high line); another was the sixth generation of a line with a low tendency to collect it (low line). In these two groups an average of 86% and 8%, respectively, of the pollen collectors collected alfalfa pollen; this represented little improvement over the fifth generation (Nye&Mackensen, 1968). A third group was a commercial strain (which ranked low, 31%), but the fourth (an outcross of high-line queens to drones of the commercial strain) and a fifth (an outcross of high-line drones to queens of another stock) ranked intermediate, at 52% and 59%, respectively, and were significantly higher than the commercial strain. The number of alfalfa pollen collectors was highest (29) in the high line; it was the same (18) in both outcrosses, this being slightly but not significantly higher than in the commercial strain (16). The number of nectar collectors and the yield of honey were roughly proportional to the amount of inbreeding in each group.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100211

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryExperiments were done in 1964 and 1968 in which honey yields were compared between groups of hives arranged in rows with entrances facing one direction (A) and groups arranged in rows with entrances facing different directions (B), or U formations (C). Due to severe drifting in the first group (A), honey yields in 15 test apiaries were greater when one or other of the latter two combinations were used; in 1964 the average production per hive was 12·1 kg greater in (B) and in 1968 it was 9-8 kg greater in (C), where drifting was reduced.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100212

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryRaspberry plants which were caged in the field produced fewer and smaller berries than uncaged ones. The fruit had 71–82% fewer drupelets in the absence than in the presence of honeybees, whether in still air or in a wind (4 or 11 km/hr).

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100213

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryBacillus larvaeproduces, in culture and in the host, a complex of proteases, some of which have been reported to be toxic for the host. The proteases were separated by gel filtration into two main peaks of different molecular size, and also separated from products of tissue breakdown characterized by their odour, fluorescence, and colour. The relatively large molecular sizes of the proteases may explain their apparent absence in fluids from young rapidly growing cultures ofB. larvae.The odour was separated, by solvent extraction, into a water-soluble sulphhydryl-containing material with an odour common to many bacterial cultures, and a strongly smelling ether-soluble substance, possibly phenylacetic acid, arising specifically from breakdown of host tissues.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100214

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMeasurement of the optical density of honey with a colorimeter using the complete light spectrum offers a precise, reproducible method for classifying honey according to its colour. The method can be used for honeys from most floral sources, and provides a practical systematic basis for blending honey to any required colour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100215

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe histology and histochemistry of the fat-body of adult bumble bees are described, with particular reference to queens. Both neutral fat and glycogen, but not protein, are stored in the trophocytes. Protein granules and uric acid concretions occur in newly emerged bees, but are not normally present in older individuals. The quantities of fat and glycogen stored in the trophocytes of workers and males are generally small, but in young queens considerable reserves are accumulated. Most of this fat and glycogen is utilized during hibernation.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100216

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAn account is given of the extent of parasitism ofSphaerularia bombiin bumble bees collected in Surrey from 1965 to 1968; data from Hertfordshire are also reported. From 1 to 42 parasites per host were recorded, and differences were noted in the levels of infection in various host species. In Surrey, approximately one quarter of overwintered queen bumble bees were affected byS. bombi, but infection appeared to be less severe in Hertfordshire. Variations in infection levels between host populations are discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100217

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1969.11100218

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor