摘要:

SummaryQueen honeybees, which had acquired flight experience during orientation and/or mating flights from small hives, were released at various distances and directions from the apiary. Great variations were found in the return frequency and flight duration of released queens. Of 45 queens released, 12 (27%) mated during their return flights. Of the 35 queens that were liberated within 400 m from the apiary, 32 (91%) returned successfully to their hives; the maximum return distance was 1600 m. Many queens tolerated multiple releases (maximum = 30 return flights for the same queen from 340 m). Queens were able to orient during the morning, although they normally fly only in the afternoon. The method of releasing flight-experienced queens is apparently useful for studying flight; its limitations are discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099664

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryTwo genetic lines of bees were used to study removal from the nest of brood killed by cyanide. The Brown line, resistant to American foul brood, removes dead brood promptly, and is called hygienic. The Van Scoy line is susceptible to American foul brood, removes dead brood very slowly, and is called non-hygienic. Control colonies having both young and old bees from a single line responded to dead brood as expected: Browns were fast removers and Van Scoys were slow, regardless of the presence or absence of a nectar flow. Likewise“mixed”colonies, having foragers (old bees) of the Van Scoy line and hive bees (young bees) of the Brown line, quickly removed cyanide-killed individuals from the brood nest under both dearth and nectar-flow conditions. Mixed colonies with foragers of the Brown line and hive bees of the Van Scoy line removed cyanide-killed individuals from the brood nest very slowly in the absence of a nectar flow, but much more rapidly during a flow. Both young and old Brown bees concentrated on an area of comb containing dead brood in greater numbers than expected from their frequency in the whole colony. It is concluded that Brown foragers in mixed colonies engage in removal of dead brood during a nectar flow but not during a dearth.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099665

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryPackaged bees were installed in hives with 3 empty frames and 6 additional frames, all filled with either honey, pollen or empty cells. Pollen collection and brood production were sampled. Linear correlation between pollen collection and population was not significant. Pollen collection was higher with honey than with pollen or with empty cells. Correlation between pollen collection and brood area was significant in starved colonies in which brood rearing was depressed. Thus, adequate stores of honey or syrup seem important to pollen gathering.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099666

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe egg production of 5-frame colonies of honeybees, kept in cages to prevent pollen collection and fed supplemental carbohydrates, bore a direct relationship to the amount of carbohydrate consumed. After 3 days, but not subsequently, the groups fed Beevert or sugar syrup had significantly more brood than those fed with Drivert or Subvert.Other 5-frame experimental colonies, that were allowed free flight and were continuously fed pollen-substitute candy, had more brood at the end of the 33-day test period if they also received carbohydrates than if they did not.Colonies in commercial apiaries reared more brood when they were given either pollen substitute or carbohydrates, or both, than if they received neither. Honey production was also significantly increased by the pollen substitute, but not by the supplemental carbohydrates.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099667

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAtomic absorption techniques were used to determine K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in samples of pollens from corn (Zea mays),Citrus, longleaf and loblolly pines (Pinus taeda, P. palustris) and of mixed bee-collected pollens. On the basis of these analyses a salt mixture for inclusion in diets for adult honeybees is suggested. The same elements were determined in adult worker honeybees, and separately in heads, thoraces and abdomens, and in royal jelly. The K/Na ratio for the whole bodies of adult bees and for royal jelly varied from about 5 to 8, and the Mg/Ca ratio varied from 2 to 4. Mn was present in unusually large quantities in adult bees, with a range from 102 to 270 ppm. The major elements in each body region were K, Na and Mg, with the greatest concentration in the head. Mn, Ca, Cu and Zn occurred in larger amounts than expected in the abdominal region. The cations K, Na, Cu, Fe and Mn were concentrated from pollen by adult bees. Ca was present in bees in much lower concentration than in pollen. Royal jelly contains only trace amounts of Mn.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099668

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryQueens were reared from eggs and from larvae 1, 2, 3 and 4 days old. They were then mated either naturally or instrumentally with 1 to 2×8 mm3of semen. Each increase of 1 day in the age of brood grafted decreased not only the body weight, the size of the spermatheca and the number of ovarioles of the virgin queens, but also the number of spermatozoa in the spermathecae of naturally and instrumentally inseminated queens. A given amount of semen injected into the oviducts resulted in different numbers but similar concentrations of spermatozoa in spermathecae of different sizes. A smaller number of spermatozoa entered the smaller spermathecae, despite a surplus of semen in the oviducts and plenty of space in the spermathecae. Correlation coefficients between different characters were significant only when queens reared from brood of different age were compared. Partial correlations showed that a direct correlation existed between the age of grafted brood and the number of spermatozoa in the spermathecae of mated queens.The process of weighing virgin queens therefore helps in their selection.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099669

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1971.11099670

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1971

数据来源: Taylor