摘要:

SUMMARYWorker larvae were heavier than queen larvae for the first 4 days. After about 90 hours the growth rate of queens increased, and by 102 hours they were 50% heavier than workers. These data agree with those of Stabe for the period after 48 hours, but not for the earlier period.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100094

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYHomozygous cordovan queens and homozygous chartreuse queens (from crosses of heterozygous mutant mothers with mutant fathers) were each inseminated from a single wild-black brother. After tests for survival rate of brood had been carried out, four queens producing low-survival brood were chosen, and the eggs they laid in both worker and drone cells were hatched in an incubator. The 321 young larvae were reared further in the incubator.Drone pupae grafted as larvae from worker cells and originating from the cordovan queen showed some characters of the father. Stronger evidence is supplied by brood produced by the chartreuse queens. Drone prepupae and pupae reared in the incubator from eggs they laid in drone cells showed only the genetic character of the mother, as expected. But drone prepupae and pupa from eggs in worker cells laid by the same queens, and reared from the egg stage in an incubator, showed the genetic character of the father, as did the female offspring of these queens. This proves that drone larvae from eggs laid in worker cells by inbred queens producing low-survival brood develop from fertilized eggs.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100095

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYEggs laid by 3 selected inbred queens producing brood of low survival rate were hatched in an incubator. Diploid larvae from worker cells and haploid larvae from drone cells were reared further under identical conditions in an incubator; 60% of 89 haploid larvae and 63% of 128 diploids reached the age of 5 days. About half the diploids were drones. Of the diploid drone larvae that reached 5 days, 43% lived to 9 days, compared with 36% of the haploids. The average weight of drone larvae at transference to pupation dishes was 357·7 mg. for diploids and 296·9 mg. for haploids. (The difference was not statistically significant, but might well be so with a greater number of larvae.) The viability of diploid drone larvae is certainly not lower, and may possibly be higher, than that of the haploids: by using right techniques for rearing, it should be possible to rear larger numbers of diploid drones to the imago.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100096

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYEffective measurement of sternite size, as a means of evaluating abdominal size, is made possible by the use of a microscope with a stretching apparatus.On this basis, the difference between abdominal size in two colonies of the same race was found to be not significant. On the other hand the differences between sternite measurements in the twoApisspecies were highly significant.It was found that the length and width of sternites 4, 5 and 6 are more closely correlated with abdominal size than are the length and width of sternites 3 and 7. Sternite 6 is comparatively short and wide, and its length and width can be measured easily and accurately on one microscopic field graduated in the same unit; this is not true for sternites 4 and 5, which are therefore less useful.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100097

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYExperiments were made to establish the factor that initiates comb building by clustered bees. It was shown to be light intensity: in the dark, comb building was normally started within a few hours or days, but if the cluster was in bright light by day, comb building had not started even after a month or more. Once building had been initiated (in the dark) it could be continued or restarted in daylight. The threshold illumination, and its variation, have not yet been determined.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100098

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWorker bees remove the tip of a capped queen cell at some time before the emergence of the queen from it. In contrast, worker and drone cells are not interfered with. The observations described support the hypothesis that a secretion produced by the larva spinning its cocoon has an inhibitory action which prevents workers chewing its wax covering. The queen's cocoon does not reach to the lower end of her cell, and it is the tip beyond the surface of contact between cocoon and cell that is removed by the bees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100099

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYQueen cages of large-mesh wire gauze were tested in packages of honeybees shipped from the southern United States to Canada. When the colonies were hived fewer queens were lost with these cages than with standard queen cages.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100100

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYIn April 1964, 15 1-kg. packages of honeybees shaken from colonies infected with European foul brood and 15 1-kg. packages shaken from non-infected colonies were transported 1300 km. and installed in sterile equipment with new frames and foundation. All colonies derived from infected colonies developed E.F.B., whereas all those derived from non-infected colonies remained healthy. The disease did not appear until 5 weeks after packages were hived, and therapeutics given as soon as packages are installed should prevent build-up of infection to a level that causes disease.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100101

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSome colonies of honeybees on alfalfa collect a much higher percentage of alfalfa pollen than others. The possibility of genetic differences between colonies was investigated. Colonies collecting high and low percentages of alfalfa pollen were first selected. Daughters of queens from three‘high’and three‘low’colonies were inseminated from their brothers, and colonies headed by queens of these six lines were tested. Colonies headed by sister queens were more similar in the proportion of alfalfa pollen they collected than were those headed by unrelated queens. This suggests heritability of the factor studied. On the other hand no correlation was found with colonies headed by the mother queens, nor between those headed by the mother queens in the first and the second year. Queens from‘high’and‘low’lines were selected for mating and testing in 1964.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100102

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe puncture of the dorsal or ventral sinus proved to be the best method of collecting haemolymph from workers and queens. Almost all the workers survived, but many older queens died after the operation.The number of haemocytes per cu. mm. of haemolymph decreased with increasing age of workers, from 20 914 at 1 day old to 11 174 at 30 days old. The numbers in winter workers, drones and queens were 3286, 2990 and 3232 respectively.Fusiform haemocytes that appeared in the haemolymph probably represent attached forms of haemocytes.The wide variation of the number of haemocytes in bees of different ages probably precludes the use of haemocyte determination for disease diagnosis.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1965.11100103

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1965

数据来源: Taylor