摘要:

SUMMARYApplications of 2,4-D in amounts lethal to the plant inhibited nectar secretion in poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima), usually within two days. Applications of amitrole did not inhibit nectar secretion, and the nectar contained a normal amount of total sugars.The nectar secreted by plants treated with 2,4-D contained an auxin-like substance. This nectar, and nectar from plants treated with amitrole, were not toxic to mosquito larvae and are therefore unlikely to present an acute danger to honeybees.Plants subjected to foliar applications of 2,4-D-1-C14and amitrole-5-C14produced radioactive nectar. The radioactivity in nectar from plants treated with 2,4-D was located in a substance very similar to 2,4-D, but its identity has not yet been determined. Amitrole was not secreted into nectar by poinsettias which had received foliar applications of amitrole.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100075

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYDequeened swarms of honeybees were found to be attracted by other normal queens, by acetone extracts of normal queens, and by 9-oxodecenoic acid presented on a dead worker bee, but not by a living queen whose mandibular glands had been extirpated. When given the choice between their own queen and a normal queen from a colony in a hive, they always flew to their own queen.In small colonies whose queens were without mandibular glands, behaviour towards the queen was normal, including retinue behaviour. No queen cell cups were built; ovarial development in the workers did not increase.9-Oxodecenoic acid presented on a dead worker bee was attractive to caged bees and stimulated retinue behaviour in them; they showed inhibition of ovarial development.It is concluded that differences in the nature of the stimuli, together with differences in the motivation of the bees, are responsible for this divergent behaviour.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100076

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYObservations were made on 2434 flights of 628 queens. Of 303 once-inseminated queens left alive for further observations, 63 % flew again and 38 % mated on a second flight; 8 % of the queens flew yet again, and 6% were inseminated a third time. Sperms in the spermatheca were counted in 207 queens returning from a mating flight or departing on the next one.The average number of sperms in the spermatheca ofallqueens that started to lay was 5.340 million; of those that mated on one flight only 5.057 million; of those mated on two and three flights 5.979 and 6.975 million respectively.The average number of sperms from thefirstmating flight, in the spermatheca of queens mating on asecondflight, was 3.462 million; for queens notmatingagain it was 4.628 million, and for queens not evenflyingagain, 5.248 million. It is concluded that the amount of sperm from the first mating flight influences the likelihood of a second flight and successive matings.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100077

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYAdult bees of known ages from a disease-resistant line were tested for their behavioural response towards larvae infected with American foul brood. Eighteen colonies, each composed of adult bees of the same age to within 4 days, were tested one or more times when the bees were 4–68 days old. Results of two summers' work provide a basis for the hypothesis that colonies composed ofyoungresistant bees will remove all or nearly all larvae killed by foul brood regardless of nectar flow conditions, whereas colonies of the same resistant line made up of beesolderthan about 4 weeks remove the larvae only during a nectar flow.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100078

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe toxicity of the carbamate insecticides Sevin(R), Zectran(R) and B 37344 (4-methylthio-3,5-xylylN-methylcarbamate) to worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) was investigated at 60°, 80°and 90°F. [16,27, 32°C.]. All compounds exhibited a negative temperature coefficient of toxicity. This was most pronounced in Sevin which was 3.81 times as toxic at 60°as at 80°F. Application of the synergist piperonyl butoxide enhanced the toxicity of the carbamates to levels roughly corresponding to their intrinsic toxicity and decreased the influence of the post-treatment temperature on toxicity. The results suggest that a carbamate-detoxification mechanism, sensitive to temperature and the action of piperonyl butoxide, is present in honeybees. The significance of this mechanism deserves further consideration as it might suggest optimum times for the application of the insecticides which would prevent high losses of honeybees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100079

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe extent to which honeybees dilute solid sugar and sugar solutions was examined. In general the food containing 50% or more sugar was diluted, but not food containing less than this. The dry sugar used was diluted more than honey or concentrated syrup.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100080

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA room is described in which temperature, humidity and light intensity are adequately controlled for studies of bee behaviour. Preliminary results are given on hiving bees in it and rearing drones and queens in winter, and on the bees' foraging, drifting, flight at‘sunset’, and brood production.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100081

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe effect of heating honey upon its peroxide accumulation value (inhibine) has been examined. Wide variation in sensitivity to heat was noted among 29 samples, which reduces the utility of the inhibine value as a measure of the heat exposure of honey. Between 55 and 70°C., the half-life of the peroxide accumulation system is a logarithmic function of temperature, with a slope approximately that for honey diastase and invertase. In the samples examined, inhibine shows a sensitivity to heat as great as, or greater than, these two enzymes.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100082

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThis review covers the rearing of queen, drone and worker honeybees away from the colony and unattended by worker bees. The rearing of all developmental stages is dealt with according to the diet provided: brood receiving no food after removal from the hive; brood reared on natural diets; brood reared on natural diets with additives; brood reared on artificial diets. Techniques so far published have been useful in various studies on honeybee development, but no one has yet published a reliable technique for rearing workers, drones, or queens from egg to adult in the laboratory.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100083

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYInadequately pollinated muskmelon flowers on normal or nectarless plants dropped or developed into malformed fruits. Nectarless muskmelons planted in small numbers among normal plants were visited regularly by honeybees, and they set fruits as well as normal plants in such arrangements. Nectarless muskmelons planted in large numbers with a few normal plants among them were visited occasionally by bees, and they set fruits late and erratically. Nectarless muskmelons planted in isolation were avoided by bees and set very few fruits.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1964.11100084

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1964

数据来源: Taylor