摘要:

SUMMARYAfricanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) first arrived in the neotropical Mexican state of Yucatan in 1987. We documented the distribution and spread of Africanized honey bees at 15 localities across Yucatan by sampling worker honey bees from more than 280 managed colonies per year from 1990 to 1994, and from over 60 feral colonies per year at the same localities from 1992 to 1994. Colonies were classified morphometrically, using the criteria of Rindereret al.(1993a) for managed colonies and using modified probabilities for feral colonies. Africanized honey bees spread from the south, and by 1991 were found throughout Yucatan in managed colonies. By 1994, 52% of managed colonies were classified as pure Africanized and, assuming linearity in the rate of Africanization, all managed colonies are projected to be Africanized by mid-1997. Feral colonies showed evidence of Europeanization in 1992 but, by 1994, they were classified as Africanized. The slower pace of Africanization of managed colonies than that predicted for Yucatan may have arisen from extensive hybridization between the incoming Africanized honey bees and the large resident European honey bee population of the state, which contained among the highest densities of managed European colonies in the world before 1987. As yet, there is no evidence of a reduction in honey production in Yucatan.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100917

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo food source characteristics, floral arrangement and landmark presence, were manipulated so that the influence of each on the flower revisitation frequency by bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) could be assessed. In two experiments, bees were trained to forage for honey-water solution from artificial flowers, which were arranged in one of three configurations:‘uniform’(parallel straight lines),‘irregular’or‘irregular with landmarks’. Experiment I used flowers between which the bees had to fly, and Experiment 2 used flowers between which they could walk. In both experiments, bees foraged more efficiently, making proportionately fewer repeat visits, on the uniform layout than they did on the irregular one. The presence of landmarks led to a significantly lower rate of revisitation in Experiment I but not in Experiment 2. The relationship between efficiency and movement patterns is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100918

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYGeographical variation in Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Brazil usually has been attributed to distinct levels of racial admixture between African and European honey bees. In this paper, we evaluated if morphometric variation in southern and north-eastern Brazil is within the limits established by the racial admixture model based on isozymes, proposed by Loboet al.(1989) and Lobo and Krieger (1992). Most of the characters showed small deviations from expected in the same direction (larger bees) for both regions, and this may be attributed to scaling effects or to an uncertainty about average values in the introducedA. m. scutellatapopulation. Morphometric data can then be considered within the limits established by the racial admixture model, supporting the hypotheses previously proposed to explain its geographic patterns.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100919

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYA fast semiquantitative screening procedure is described for the determination of peroxide activity in honey. Upon dilution of honey with water, hydrogen peroxide is released by the action of the enzyme glucose oxidase. After 1 h incubation time at 20°C, one peroxide test strip (Merck) is dipped into the honey solution for one second and the blue colour obtained is read after 15 s by means of the colour scale. The obtained value, multiplied by five, gives the amount of hydrogen peroxide in micrograms per g honey per hour at 20°C. A zero value may result from heated honey or prolonged storage, by low natural enzyme content, by chemical interactions or by the action of the enzyme catalase. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) also reduces hydrogen peroxide formation. After analysing about 500 honey samples, it was found that if the peroxide accumulation was≥10μg/g/h (20°C) HMF was≤40 mg/kg and/or the diastase index was≥8 with a probability of 95%.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100920

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100921

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100922

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100923

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1996.11100924

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor