摘要:

SummaryThe rate of pollen removal from the contents of the honey sac by the proventriculus, in worker honeybees, was significantly affected by environmental temperature and by the age of the bee. Sugar concentration affected the action of the proventriculus only at a very high concentration (71%); the concentrations of pollen used (463 and 240 grains per mm3 of syrup) had little influence on the rate of pollen removal. The biological implications of the results obtained in these experiments are discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099692

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIn 1968 and 1969 six experiments on groups of 6–9 colonies fitted with pollen traps showed that: (1) there was a significant correlation between the amount of unsealed brood and the amount of pollen collected during each experimental period; (2) queenless colonies without brood collected only small amounts of pollen; (3) colonies which had similar amounts of unsealed brood collected different amounts of pollen at different locations and in different months.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099693

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe influence of diet upon the development of prothoracic gland cells and oenocytes in honeybee larvae reared in colonies and in the laboratory was assessed at the age of 4 days by measuring nuclear diameters. Laboratory diets included the following: freshly collected worker jelly, both unaltered and with (1) added fructose and glucose, (2) ether extract of royal jelly, and (3) dialysate of royal jelly; freshly collected royal jelly; and royal jelly which had been stored for several years.On unaltered worker jelly, which has a low sugar content, there was little or no glandular development beyond the stage reached by colony-reared worker larvae (CW) aged 72 hours; increasing the sugar concentration to that of royal jelly supported development similar to that in CW.An addition of an ether extract of royal jelly to the worker jelly produced less glandular development than in CW. In larvae fed on a diet with added dialysate of royal jelly, the oenocytes were not significantly less developed than those in CW, but the prothoracic gland cells had significantly smaller nuclei. When sugar was also added to the diet containing the ether extract, glandular development was similar to that in CW; the addition of sugar to the dialysate diet resulted in a significantly greater level of glandular development, which was similar to that of colony-reared queen larvae (CQ). This last result was interpreted as an interaction between sugar and another water-soluble component of royal jelly.Nuclei of larvae reared in the laboratory on fresh royal jelly were similar in size to those in CQ, whereas nuclei of larvae reared on the stored royal jelly resembled those in CW. These results are compatible with an hypothesis of endocrine mediation between diet and form with respect to both maturation and caste development.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099694

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryGreater numbers of bacteria are present in the honeybee rectum in the winter than in the summer. In winter the majority of the bacteria were arranged at right angles to the rectal wall and parallel to the rectal pads, but in summer these distinctive arrangements disappeared. It is suggested that in winter the rectum functions as a fermentation chamber and favours the proliferation of bacteria. Preliminary descriptions of the two main types of bacteria are given.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099695

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe parts of the neuro-endocrine system of the honeybee (pars intercerebralis, corpora cardiaca and corpora allata) were examined by the fluorescence microscope after suitable staining and fixation. Extremely small quantities of neurosecretion could be identified.Two kinds of neurosecretory cells were distinguished in the pars intercerebralis, and neurosecretory material could be localized very precisely in the axon bundles, the corpora cardiaca and the corpora allata.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099696

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryWorkers and males of stingless bees (Meliponini) emerge from morphologically similar cells. Normally only one bee is reared in each brood cell, but in fourTrigona posticacolonies examined between September and February, 689 out of 2544 brood cells contained more than one egg. In these months the number of males is at a maximum.Nurse bees (workers) even in queenright colonies had developed ovaries and laid two distinct types of eggs: male-producing eggs (1.305±0.33 mm long), and spherical eggs which served as food for the queen. The male eggs were laid in cells in which the queen had already laid, before these were sealed; the male larva survived, killing the other larva within the first 3 days of larval life.In normal queenright colonies the queen usually laid female-producing eggs (1.185±0.18 mm long), but she also sometimes laid male-producing eggs (1.315±0.33 mm long). On three occasions she was seen to lay a second egg in a cell, and these eggs were similar in length to the male- producing eggs.The production of males by the laying workers, which has not previously been described, increases the genetically active population of the colony.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099697

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMutant queens were mated instrumentally with their brothers of wild or mutant genotype, and 20 queens producing scattered brood were chosen for further investigation.Phenotypes of haploid drones, and of workers originating from those queens, were determined. Using the method for rearing diploid drones, 691 drones were reared from eggs laid in worker cells. Participation of the father, as well as the exclusion of androgenesis or parthenogenesis, was demonstrated in some of these drones. Mating of 5 queens homozygous for one mutant gene with brothers mutant for another gene allowed 302 drones of wild phenotype to be reared, proving genetically their biparental origin.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099698

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryAnalysis of the daily pollen collections from honeybee colonies showed that: (1) the percentage of pollen from crownvetch (Coronilla varia)decreased with increasing length of stay in the field; (2) colonies recently moved into a field of crownvetch in full bloom collected a higher percentage of crownvetch pollen than those which had been placed in the field 8 days earlier or had been there prior to bloom; (3) percentage of bloom was not a factor in honeybee fixation to crownvetch; (4) competition from other crops available in the vicinity of the crownvetch field might be one of the most important factors in decreasing the percentage of crownvetch pollen in the daily pollen collections; (5) moving colonies to the crownvetch field when the plants start to bloom, and at intervals during the blooming period, might help in providing maximum pollination.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099699

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryMortalities and DDT residues of honeybees exposed to alfalfa foliage samples treated with three DDT formulations were measured. The foliage samples were also analysed for DDT. The results indicate greater sorption of emulsifiable formulations than of powder formulations on and in plant tissues, and correspondingly greater contamination of bees by the powders. This helps to explain the generally observed tendency for dusts and wettable powders to be the most hazardous formulations for honeybees.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099700

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1972.11099701

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1972

数据来源: Taylor