摘要:

SUMMARYSignificant correlations between 25 quantitative characters of worker honey bees used for the morphometric identification of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera), seven measures of colony defence and 12 for alarm pheromone production were calculated from data on colonies in Louisiana, USA, and Monagas, Venezuela, two years after the arrival of Africanized honey bees in the eastern portion of Venezuela. The bees in the Venezuela group were identified as European (70%), European with evidence of introgression of Africanized genes (5%), Africanized with evidence of introgression of European genes (7%) and Africanized (18%), indicative of a population undergoing hybridization. For the Venezuelan population alone, the correlations between defensive behaviour and morphometric identification as Africanized were not significant. Therefore, defensive behaviour alone is not an adequate indicator for identification or certification programmes in areas undergoing Africanization.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100842

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWorker larvae ofMelipona rufiventris, M. quadrifasciataandM. compressipeswere treated topically with juvenile hormone (JH) during the cocoon-spinning phase. Examination of the tergites of the queens obtained following JH application showed induced differentiation into adults with full female (queen) traits.Meliponaworkers had tergal glands only in tergite II, whereas natural and JH-induced queens had tergal glands in tergite II plus additional glands in at least one other of tergites III to VII.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100843

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYThe mating behaviour ofBombus terrestriswas studied using wooden observation cages (50 X 50 X 70 cm) in the laboratory. Queens and males from reared colonies were isolated from the odour of the opposite sex before the experiments. Mating pairs (one per box) consisted of one 10-day-old virgin male and one 5-day-old virgin queen. The behaviour of each of the 80 pairs used was observed for 15 min, during which time 47 of the pairs copulated. Male behaviour could be divided into approach, inspection and attempt to copulate. Queen reactions to the male were immobility (13.8%), threat (53.9%) or flight (32.3%). Queens could also display inspection behaviour. The mating success of a behavioural sequence was positively correlated with the frequency of inspections by both sexes and negatively correlated with queen immobility. Flow diagrams showing sequences of types of behaviour are presented. The role of sexual pheromones in mating is discussed.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100844

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFemaleTropilaelaps clareaemites were released into small petri dishes without food, or on small pieces of brood comb containing severalApis melliferalarvae 1–4. days old. On each day of the experiement the piece of brood comb was exchanged for a new one containing larvae of the age being tested. In dishes with no food only 5.5% of mites survived for two days. Survival of gravid female mites was significantly higher than that of thin females. On bee larvae 1, 3 and 3.5 days old, 0%, 9% and 47% ofT. clareaefemales survived until the second day. None survived until the fourth day. However, on bee larvae four days old, 89%, 68%, 32%, 7% and 4% of females were alive on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, 19th and 28th day respectively. Thus,T. clareaefemales can survive for up to four weeks on bee larvae four days old. The amount of brood pheromones on larvae 4–5. days old is greater than that on younger larvae, probably stimulating feeding and thereby supporting mite survival. Fertilized female mites quickly become gravid, and they must enter cells containing bee larvae to lay eggs.T. clareaefemales do not need to feed on prepupae or pupae to lay eggs and to survive for longer periods. Queen honey bees need not be caged after brood removal from the colony in order to control the parasitic miteT. clareae, as by the time any eggs laid have developed into four-day-old larvae the mites will have died.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100845

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBombus terrestrisqueens which had been overwintered in artificial conditions were transferred to small wooden boxes in a climate room at 28°C and 65% RH; the bees were supplied with food and subjected to one of four photoperiodic regimes (L24: DO; L8: D16; L16: D8; LO: D24. The photoperiodic regimes were applied until the queens had produced 10–15. workers, after which colonies were transferred from the small initiation boxes to larger ones to allow nests to increase in colony size. The proportion of queens in each treatment which founded colonies ranged from 42% to 61 %, but no significant difference was detected between photoperiodic regimes. Delays to oviposition were significantly shorter in the L8: D16 regime compared with constant dark and constant light: 33.4±4.9 days, 47.3±4.8 days and 58.9±6.7 days respectively. In the L16: D8 regime the delay (42.4±5.6 days) was not significantly different from that in the L8: D16 regime. The period from the start of brooding attitude to oviposition was significantly reduced by the L8: D16 regime (5.4±0.9 days) compared to constant light, constant dark or L16: D8 (9.0±1.0, 10.1±1.4, and 10.2 + 1.4 days respectively). In the L8: D16 and L16: D8 regimes the proportion of queens that did not produce progeny queens was significantly higher if oviposition was retarded.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100846

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTests were developed to enable the screening of substances for effect on the orientation of the honey bee parasiteVarroa jacobsoni.Mites collected from young bees in anApis mellifera carnicacolony were used in the tests, which employed wax tubes incorporating the test substances. During a test, mites could remain in a tube containing a test substance or move from it into a tube of pure wax without the test substance. Twenty-two out of 32 tested ethereal oils had a clear repellent effect on the mites. Oil of clove and oil of cinnamon proved to be the only ones with a clear attractant effect on the mites. The most pronounced repellent effect was caused by oil of citronella. Oil of marjoram was clearly capable of masking odours. In toxicity tests, most of the tested oils caused a distinct increase in mortality of mites which were exposed to them incorporated in wax at a concentration of 0.1 %. The other tested ethereal oils caused an increase in mite mortality at a concentration of 1.0% or more. The repellents oil of marjoram and oil of citronella, and the attractant oil of clove, were mixed into the comb foundation wax of test colonies. The infestation rates ofV. jacobsoniin capped brood cells was clearly higher in colonies with oil of clove foundation than in control colonies with normal foundation. The infestation rate was only slightly lower in colonies with oil of citronella, but clearly lower in colonies with oil of marjoram foundation, than in control colonies. This result indicates that a treatment with oil of marjoram might be a way to decrease the population growth of this parasite.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100847

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYHoney samples were collected from 22 European and 22 Africanized honey bee colonies. The pollen from these honey samples was acetolysed and subsequently mounted on slides using glycerine jelly in order to identify frequently used nectar sources for honey bees in the Yucatán Peninsula during the wet and dry seasons. The most common species in order of abundance in the honey samples were:Metopium brownei, Mimosa bahamensis, Samyda yucatanensis, Thouinia canesceras, Lonchocarpus rugosus, Bursera simaruba, Trema micrantha, Gymnopodium floribundum, Lonchocarpussp. 2,Paulliniasp.1 andViguiera dentata.Many of the pollen grains found in the honey samples were not from nectariferous plants, but from plants that produce pollen only:Cecropia peitata, several Cyperaceae, Gramineae and one Piperaceae. Families represented by the greatest number of species were: Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae, Malvaceae, Sapindaceae, Myrta- ceae, Palmae, Polygonaceae, Cyperaceae and Sapotaceae. A comparison was made between the numbers of pollen and nectar flowers visited by bees from European and Africanized colonies in different apiaries. Less than 50% of the pollen species were common to both European and Africanized honey samples, indicating a differential utilization of the resources available.

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100848

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100849

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0021-8839    

DOI:10.1080/00218839.1994.11100850

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor